Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

289 questions · 295 findings · 34 reviews

No studies found 37 · 12.5%GRADE not reported 10 · 3.4%Very low 103 · 34.9%Low 66 · 22.4%Moderate 65 · 22%High 14 · 4.7%

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care

Number of participants experiencing shunt infection after administration of antibiotic prophylaxis · CSF‐shunt infections

Antibiotic prophylaxis may leads to lower number of participants experiencing shunt infection after… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care

Number of participants experiencing shunt infection after administration of intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis · CSF‐shunt infections

Antibiotic prophylaxis may leads to lower number of participants experiencing shunt infection after… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care

Number of participants experiencing shunt infection after administration of intrathecal antibiotic prophylaxis · CSF‐shunt infections

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing shunt infection after… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care

Number of participants experiencing shunt infection after implantation of antibiotic impregnated catheters · CSF‐shunt infections

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes number of participants experiencing shunt infection after… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Adverse effects of antibiotics · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Cost implications of antibiotic provision · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Development of endocarditis (in those with definite indication for prophylaxis) · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure changes development of endocarditis (in those with definite indication for… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo, no treatment or surveillance only

Number of participants with symptomatic UTI · primary VUR

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in symptomatic UTI by 1 to 2 years: antibiotics versus no prophylaxis compared with surveillance or no treatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment or placebo

Adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) · Women who had normal vaginal births

It is very uncertain whether routine antibiotic prophylaxis changes adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) compared with no treatment or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Mortality or serious adverse events requiring hospital admission · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Development of endocarditis due to other (non-dental) causes · Adults or children at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis (pre-existing cardiac condition) undergoing an invasive dental procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

Wound infection · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes all wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

DSSI · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in DSSI compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

DSSI ‐ low infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in DSSI ‐ low infection risk environment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

DSSI ‐ high infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in DSSI ‐ high infection risk environment compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

All wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ low infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes all wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ low infection risk environment compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

All wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ high infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes all wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ high infection risk environment compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

SSSI · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

Antibiotic prophylaxis probably leads to lower SSSI compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review