Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,345 questions · 4,525 findings · 483 reviews

No studies found 1,024 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 388 · 8.6%Very low 1,172 · 25.9%Low 1,227 · 27.1%Moderate 576 · 12.7%High 138 · 3%

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

All‐cause mortality rate at 30 days · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality rate at 30 days compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

Failure of analgesic technique requiring alternative approach (assessed at any time) · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia probably leads to higher failure of analgesic technique requiring alternative approach… compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

Adverse events (assessed at any time during · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in adverse events (assessed at any time during compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary artery perfusion with blood vs no perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass

Mortality within the longest · adult surgical patients with the need for cardiopulmonary bypass‐dependent heart surgery

It is very uncertain whether pulmonary artery perfusion with blood changes all‐cause mortality within longest compared with no perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary artery perfusion with blood vs no perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass

Number of participants with pulmonary events within longest · adult surgical patients with the need for cardiopulmonary bypass‐dependent heart surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary artery perfusion with blood vs no perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass

Participants with ≥ 1SAE within longest · adult surgical patients with the need for cardiopulmonary bypass‐dependent heart surgery

It is very uncertain whether pulmonary artery perfusion with blood changes participants with ≥ 1SAE within longest compared with no perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review