Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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High vs low blood pressure target

Acute ischaemic stroke · adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

It is very uncertain whether high changes acute ischaemic stroke compared with low blood pressure target (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [0.07, 23.63]
2 studies · 426 participants
Very low

High vs low blood pressure target

Length of hospital stay · adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 540 participants
Very low

High vs low blood pressure target

Perioperative transfusion of blood products · adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low blood pressure targets for cardiac surgery while on cardiopulmonary bypass 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 540 participants
Very low

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Deep surgical site infection · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes deep surgical site infection compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.37, 1.8]
2 studies · 458 participants
Very low

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Delayed or non‐union (medium term) · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes delayed union or non‐union compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.83, 1.55]
1 study · 387 participants
Very low

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Unplanned operations at 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Adverse events ‐ superficial infection · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes adverse events ‐ superficial infection compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6.45 [0.35, 120.43]
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Return to work · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Limb function at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open long bone… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitrectomy vs vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection

Improvement in visual acuity at 3 months' · people with endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery

It is very uncertain whether vitrectomy changes proportion of people with a visual acuity improvement of 10 letters… compared with vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early vitrectomy for exogenous endophthalmitis following surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 420 participants
Very low

Vitrectomy vs vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection

Visual acuity · people with endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Early vitrectomy for exogenous endophthalmitis following surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitrectomy vs vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection

Additional surgical procedure, including vitrectomy and cataract surgery. · people with endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery

Vitrectomy showed no clear difference in additional surgical procedure, including vitrectomy and cataract… compared with vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early vitrectomy for exogenous endophthalmitis following surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.66, 1.21]
1 study · 420 participants
Low

Vitrectomy vs vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection

Quality of life. · people with endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Early vitrectomy for exogenous endophthalmitis following surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitrectomy vs vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection

Any adverse effects · people with endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Early vitrectomy for exogenous endophthalmitis following surgery 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 420 participants
Very low

Synbiotic vs control

Necrotising enterocolitis · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 907 participants
Low

Synbiotic vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 925 participants
Low

Synbiotic vs control

Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 707 participants
Very low

Synbiotic vs control

Neurodevelopmental disability · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High MCT formula vs low MCT formula

Gastrointestinal intolerance · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 145 participants
Very low