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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
611 questions in 50 reviews · Injuries
current versionsNo studies 125 · 20.5%Ungraded 22 · 3.6%Very low 185 · 30.3%Low 171 · 28%Moderate 77 · 12.6%High 31 · 5.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
School injury prevention programmes vs controls Safety skills · children and young people School‐based education programmes for the prevention of unintentional injuries in children and young people (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1751 participants | Low |
School injury prevention programmes vs controls Behaviour · children and young people School‐based education programmes for the prevention of unintentional injuries in children and young people (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 52950 participants | Very low |
School injury prevention programmes vs controls Safety knowledge · children and young people School‐based education programmes for the prevention of unintentional injuries in children and young people (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 55732 participants | Very low |
School injury prevention programmes vs controls Cost‐effectiveness · children and young people School‐based education programmes for the prevention of unintentional injuries in children and young people (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4639 participants | Very low |
Technological aid vs internet resource Executive functioning (various measures) GEC on the BRIEF (2 studies); HCSBS (1 study) · Children or adolescents with acquired brain injury Technological aids for the rehabilitation of memory and executive functioning in children and adolescents… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 194 participants | Very low |
Technological aid vs internet resource Memory Recallling Sentences subtest · Children or adolescents with acquired brain injury Technological aids for the rehabilitation of memory and executive functioning in children and adolescents… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
Technological aid vs internet resource Quality of life ‐ not reported · Children or adolescents with acquired brain injury Technological aids for the rehabilitation of memory and executive functioning in children and adolescents… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technological aid vs internet resource Psychological functioning (mood, etc.) CBCL internalising scale (Parent/primary caregiver rates each item on a 3‐step response scale: (0) not true, (1) somewhat or sometimes true, and (2) very true or often true. The item responses are scored usin... · Children or adolescents with acquired brain injury Technological aids for the rehabilitation of memory and executive functioning in children and adolescents… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 158 participants | Very low |
Technological aid vs internet resource Social functioning ‐ not reported · Children or adolescents with acquired brain injury Technological aids for the rehabilitation of memory and executive functioning in children and adolescents… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technological aid vs internet resource Academic achievement ‐ not reported · Children or adolescents with acquired brain injury Technological aids for the rehabilitation of memory and executive functioning in children and adolescents… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technological aid vs internet resource Adverse events · Children or adolescents with acquired brain injury Technological aids for the rehabilitation of memory and executive functioning in children and adolescents… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Drains vs no drains Overall recurrence · adults with burr‐hole evacuation of CSDH External drains versus no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.32, 0.61] | 9 studies · 968 participants | Moderate |
Drains vs no drains Recurrence with 2 burr holes (subgroup) · adults with burr‐hole evacuation of CSDH External drains versus no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.26, 0.8] | 3 studies · 306 participants | Low |
Drains vs no drains Recurrence with 1 burr hole (subgroup) · adults with burr‐hole evacuation of CSDH External drains versus no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.05, 0.56] | 2 studies · 156 participants | Low |
Drains vs no drains Recurrence with 1 or 2 burr holes (subgroup) · adults with burr‐hole evacuation of CSDH External drains versus no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.34, 0.79] | 4 studies · 506 participants | Moderate |
Drains vs no drains Complications · adults with burr‐hole evacuation of CSDH External drains versus no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.77, 1.72] | 7 studies · 710 participants | Low |
Drains vs no drains Mortality · adults with burr‐hole evacuation of CSDH External drains versus no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.45, 1.33] | 5 studies · 539 participants | Low |
Drains vs no drains Poor functional outcome (includes death) · adults with burr‐hole evacuation of CSDH External drains versus no drains after burr‐hole evacuation for the treatment of chronic subdural haematoma… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.44, 1.05] | 5 studies · 490 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mortality · Treating bleeding trauma patients Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.85, 0.96] | 3 studies · 20437 participants | High |
Intervention NR Progressive intracranial haemorrhage · Treating patients with traumatic brain injury Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.58, 0.98] | 2 studies · 478 participants | High |
Intervention NR New brain lesions · Treating patients with traumatic brain injury Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.2, 1.32] | 1 study · 249 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Myocardial infarction · Treating patients with traumatic brain injury Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.09, 2.73] | 2 studies · 510 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Stroke · Treating patients with traumatic brain injury Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.35] | 2 studies · 510 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Deep vein thrombosis · Treating patients with traumatic brain injury Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.26] | 2 studies · 510 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Surgical intervention · Treating bleeding trauma patients Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.97, 1.03] | 3 studies · 20437 participants | High |
Intervention NR Blood transfusion · Treating bleeding trauma patients Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.96, 1.01] | 2 studies · 20367 participants | High |
Intervention NR Myocardial infarction · Treating bleeding trauma patients Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.4, 0.92] | 2 studies · 20367 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Deep vein thrombosis · Treating bleeding trauma patients Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.62, 1.47] | 2 studies · 20367 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Stroke · Treating bleeding trauma patients Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.61, 1.23] | 2 studies · 20367 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pulmonary embolism · Treating bleeding trauma patients Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.73, 1.41] | 2 studies · 20367 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Mortality · Treating patients with traumatic brain injury Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.4, 0.99] | 2 studies · 510 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Surgical intervention · Treating patients with traumatic brain injury Antifibrinolytic drugs for acute traumatic injury (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.65, 1.93] | 2 studies · 510 participants | Low |
Helicopter emergency medical services vs ground emergency medical services Overall unadjusted mortality · adults (age > 15 years) with major trauma (ISS > 15) Helicopter emergency medical services for adults with major trauma (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.85, 1.26] | 376648 participants | Very low |
Helicopter emergency medical services vs ground emergency medical services Quality‐adjusted life years · adults (age > 15 years) with major trauma (ISS > 15) Helicopter emergency medical services for adults with major trauma (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Helicopter emergency medical services vs ground emergency medical services Disability‐adjusted life years · adults (age > 15 years) with major trauma (ISS > 15) Helicopter emergency medical services for adults with major trauma (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Helicopter emergency medical services vs ground emergency medical services Adverse events · adults (age > 15 years) with major trauma (ISS > 15) Helicopter emergency medical services for adults with major trauma (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐stored ('older') PRBC (≥ 21 days of storage) vs short‐stored (fresh) PRBC (< 21 days of storage) Death from any cause · patients requiring blood transfusion (children with malaria and adults with a traumatic injury) Prolonged storage of packed red blood cells for blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2.36 [0.65, 8.52] | 2 studies · 91 participants | Very low |
Long‐stored ('older') PRBC (≥ 21 days of storage) vs short‐stored (fresh) PRBC (< 21 days of storage) Transfusion‐related acute lung injury ‐ not measured · patients requiring blood transfusion (children with malaria and adults with a traumatic injury) Prolonged storage of packed red blood cells for blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐stored ('older') PRBC (≥ 21 days of storage) vs short‐stored (fresh) PRBC (< 21 days of storage) Postoperative infections ‐ not measured · patients requiring blood transfusion (children with malaria and adults with a traumatic injury) Prolonged storage of packed red blood cells for blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐stored ('older') PRBC (≥ 21 days of storage) vs short‐stored (fresh) PRBC (< 21 days of storage) Post‐injury coagulopathy ‐ not measured · patients requiring blood transfusion (children with malaria and adults with a traumatic injury) Prolonged storage of packed red blood cells for blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐stored ('older') PRBC (≥ 21 days of storage) vs short‐stored (fresh) PRBC (< 21 days of storage) Multiple organ failure post‐injury ‐ not measured · patients requiring blood transfusion (children with malaria and adults with a traumatic injury) Prolonged storage of packed red blood cells for blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐stored ('older') PRBC (≥ 21 days of storage) vs short‐stored (fresh) PRBC (< 21 days of storage) Adverse event (Hyperkalaemia) ‐ not measured · patients requiring blood transfusion (children with malaria and adults with a traumatic injury) Prolonged storage of packed red blood cells for blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐stored ('older') PRBC (≥ 21 days of storage) vs short‐stored (fresh) PRBC (< 21 days of storage) Adverse event (Metabolic acidosis) · patients requiring blood transfusion (children with malaria and adults with a traumatic injury) Prolonged storage of packed red blood cells for blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Leukoreduced PRBCs vs non‐leukoreduced PRBCs TRALI · Patients receiving RBC transfusion Leukoreduction for the prevention of adverse reactions from allogeneic blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.67, 1.36] | 1 study · 1864 participants | Low |
Leukoreduced PRBCs vs non‐leukoreduced PRBCs Death due to any cause · Patients receiving RBC transfusion Leukoreduction for the prevention of adverse reactions from allogeneic blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.58, 1.12] | 9 studies · 6485 participants | Very low |
Leukoreduced PRBCs vs non‐leukoreduced PRBCs Infection from any cause · Patients receiving RBC transfusion Leukoreduction for the prevention of adverse reactions from allogeneic blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.62, 1.03] | 10 studies · 6709 participants | Very low |
Leukoreduced PRBCs vs non‐leukoreduced PRBCs Adverse events · Patients receiving RBC transfusion Leukoreduction for the prevention of adverse reactions from allogeneic blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.64, 1.02] | 2 studies · 634 participants | Low |
Leukoreduced PRBCs vs non‐leukoreduced PRBCs Non‐infectious complication · Patients receiving RBC transfusion Leukoreduction for the prevention of adverse reactions from allogeneic blood transfusion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT vs wait‐list control Depression scales (BDI‐II, HAM‐D and HADS); higher score means more depressed · Post‐TBI depression Non‐pharmacological interventions for depression in adults and children with traumatic brain injury (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 146 participants | Very low |
CBT vs Supportive Psychotherapy Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); higher score means more depressed · Post‐TBI Depression Non‐pharmacological interventions for depression in adults and children with traumatic brain injury (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |