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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
515 questions in 31 reviews · Fertility Regulation
current versionsNo studies 99 · 19.2%Ungraded 11 · 2.1%Very low 70 · 13.6%Low 147 · 28.5%Moderate 153 · 29.7%High 35 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Change in weight (kg): 1 year; 2 years; 3 years · women with need for contraception Progestin‐only contraceptives: effects on weight (2016) · Cochrane | MD 2.28 [1.79, 2.77] | 758 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in weight (kg): 1 year; 4 years; 10 years · women with need for contraception Progestin‐only contraceptives: effects on weight (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1277 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in fat mass (%); change in lean mass (%) · women with need for contraception Progestin‐only contraceptives: effects on weight (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 76 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Change in fat mass (%); change in fat free mass (%) · women with need for contraception Progestin‐only contraceptives: effects on weight (2016) · Cochrane | MD 1.6 [0.45, 2.75] | 60 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change in fat mass (%); change in fat free mass (%) · perimenopausal women with need for contraception Progestin‐only contraceptives: effects on weight (2016) · Cochrane | MD 3.3 [2.08, 4.52] | 68 participants | Low |
Intervention NR OC: oral contraceptive · perimenopausal women with need for contraception Progestin‐only contraceptives: effects on weight (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Contraceptive use (modern method) · women with need for family planning (FP) Behavioral interventions for improving contraceptive use among women living with HIV (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.48 [1.31, 4.72] | 335 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Contraceptive use: more effective method · women with need for family planning (FP) Behavioral interventions for improving contraceptive use among women living with HIV (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.81 [1.24, 2.63] | 18 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Contraceptive use: highly effective method · women with need for family planning (FP) Behavioral interventions for improving contraceptive use among women living with HIV (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.25 [1.24, 4.1] | 18 participants | High |
Intervention NR Condom use: unprotected last sex · women with need for family planning (FP) Behavioral interventions for improving contraceptive use among women living with HIV (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.23 [0.14, 0.4] | 18 participants | High |
Intervention NR Condom use: any unprotected sex in past 2 weeks · women with need for family planning (FP) Behavioral interventions for improving contraceptive use among women living with HIV (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.56 [0.32, 0.99] | 18 participants | High |
Intervention NR Pregnancy incidence, undesired · women with need for family planning (FP) Behavioral interventions for improving contraceptive use among women living with HIV (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 939 participants | Moderate |
Clindamycin vs penicillin plus chloramphenicol compared to for Fever index (mean degree‐hour) ‐ all women · patients with septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Tetracycline vs penicillin G Leukocytosis resolution time (days) · patients with septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pelvic abscess, salpingitis, urinary tract infection · patients with septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | RR 4.32 [0.51, 36.95] | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Treatment failure · patients with septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | RR 5.39 [0.27, 108.8] | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Drug reaction · patients with septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.24 [0.14, 77.06] | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Phlebitis · patients with septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.02, 8.56] | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Clindamycin vs penicillin plus chloramphenicol compared to for Fever index (mean degree‐hour) ‐ bacteraemic patients · patients with septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Moderate |
Clindamycin vs penicillin plus chloramphenicol compared to for Duration of hospitalisation · patients with septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Clindamycin vs penicillin plus chloramphenicol compared to for Complications · patients with septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | RR 7.57 [0.98, 58.61] | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Penicillin plus chloramphenicol vs cephalothin plus kanamycin Time to fever resolution (mean time) · patients with treating septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Penicillin plus chloramphenicol vs cephalothin plus kanamycin Absence of fever during D&C (mean time) · patients with treating septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Antibiotics after D&C vs D&C during antibiotics Absence of fever (degree‐hour) ‐ Clindamycin after D&C versus D&C during clindamycin · patients with treating septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotics after D&C vs D&C during antibiotics Absence of fever (degree‐hour) ‐ Penicillin + chloramphenicol after D&C versus D&C during penicillin + chloramphenicol therapy) · patients with treating septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Moderate |
Tetracycline vs penicillin G Fever resolution time (days) · patients with septic abortion Antibiotics for treating septic abortion (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Counseling + phone follow‐up vs counseling Counseling + phone · young women, 16 to 24 years old, with desire to avoid pregnancy Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.41 [1.06, 1.87] | 767 participants | Moderate |
Counseling + phone follow‐up vs counseling Counseling + phone · young women, 16 to 24 years old, with desire to avoid pregnancy Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.45 [1.03, 2.03] | 767 participants | Moderate |
Enhanced counseling vs standard care Use of effective contraceptive method at 6 months · young women with need for contraception Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.03 [1.04, 3.98] | 2336 participants | Low |
Enhanced counseling vs standard care Condom use at 6 months: consistent; correct; consistent and correct · young women with need for contraception Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2336 participants | Low |
Enhanced counseling vs standard care Effective user of contraception at 1 year · young women with need for contraception Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people (2016) · Cochrane | OR 48.38 [5.96, 392.63] | 78 participants | Very low |
Counseling + audiovisual tool vs usual care Effectiveness of method used at last intercourse (at 1 year) sexually active at · young men or women with need for contraception Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.51 | 1195 participants | Very low |
Counseling + audiovisual tool vs usual care Partner's use of OC at last intercourse (at 1 year) sexually active at · young men or women with need for contraception Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.66 | 1195 participants | Very low |
Counseling + audiovisual tool vs usual care No OC use (by 1 year) Chicago site · young men or women with need for contraception Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 949 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Use of effective contraceptive during last sex: after year 1; 12 months after year 2 · middle or high school students with need for contraceptive information School‐based interventions for improving contraceptive use in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Condom use at last sex: after year 1; 12 months after year 2 · middle or high school students with need for contraceptive information School‐based interventions for improving contraceptive use in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Frequency of sex without condom in last 3 months: after year 1; 12 months after year 2 · middle or high school students with need for contraceptive information School‐based interventions for improving contraceptive use in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR No condom use at last vaginal sex (3 months) · middle or high school students with need for contraceptive information School‐based interventions for improving contraceptive use in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.67 [0.47, 0.96] | 15 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Vaginal sex without condom in past 3 months (3 months) · middle or high school students with need for contraceptive information School‐based interventions for improving contraceptive use in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.59 [0.36, 0.95] | 15 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR No condom use at last vaginal sex: 3 months; 15 months · middle or high school students with need for contraceptive information School‐based interventions for improving contraceptive use in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Oral contraceptive use during last sex (17 months) · middle or high school students with need for contraceptive information School‐based interventions for improving contraceptive use in adolescents (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.57 [0.36, 0.91] | 102 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Second birth (by 24 months) · women with postpartum status Education for contraceptive use by women after childbirth (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.41 [0.17, 1] | 149 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Contraception use (at 6 months): immediate session vs no immediate session · women with postpartum status Education for contraceptive use by women after childbirth (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.62 [1.06, 2.5] | 393 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Effective contraception use (at 6 months) · women with postpartum status Education for contraceptive use by women after childbirth (2015) · Cochrane | OR 3.24 [1.35, 7.79] | 124 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Expulsion by 6 months · postpartum women with desire for contraceptive Immediate postpartum insertion of intrauterine device for contraception (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.2, 5.04] | 1 study · 30 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR IUC use at 6 months · postpartum women with desire for contraceptive Immediate postpartum insertion of intrauterine device for contraception (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.46 [0.04, 5.75] | 1 study · 30 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Placement per protocol · postpartum women with desire for contraceptive Immediate postpartum insertion of intrauterine device for contraception (2015) · Cochrane | OR 4.07 [0.54, 30.4] | 4 studies · 243 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Expulsion by 6 months · postpartum women with desire for contraceptive Immediate postpartum insertion of intrauterine device for contraception (2015) · Cochrane | OR 4.89 [1.47, 16.32] | 4 studies · 210 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR IUC use at 6 months · postpartum women with desire for contraceptive Immediate postpartum insertion of intrauterine device for contraception (2015) · Cochrane | OR 2.04 [1.01, 4.09] | 4 studies · 243 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain score at tenaculum placement (10 cm or 100 mm VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 345 participants | High |