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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy Change in distance BCVA in the amblyopic eye 12 months after cessation of treatment · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy Adherence to intervention Proportion of adherence to prescribed intervention across predefined categories · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Moderate |
Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy Proportion of participants experiencing an adverse event of permanent diplopia (double vision) Reports of diplopia across all measured time points · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Low |
Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy Change in the interocular difference in contrast sensitivity Any validated test, from baseline to 16 (± 2) weeks · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy Measurable change in stereopsis after 8 (± 2) weeks and 16 (± 2) weeks of intervention 'Real change' in stereopsis is defined as a change in stereoacuity of two or more octaves. · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone Outcomes* · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection) Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone Complete resolution of endophthalmitis at 3 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection) Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.8, 1.45] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone Visual acuity 6/6 to 6/18 at 3 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection) Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [1.05, 3.6] | 2 studies · 60 participants | Low |
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone Visual acuity 6/6 to 6/18, or LogMAR 0.3 or better at 12 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection) Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.92, 1.37] | 2 studies · 195 participants | Low |
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone Improvement in visual acuity at 3 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection) Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone Intraocular pressure at 12 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection) Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 167 participants | Low |
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone Adverse events at 3 to 12 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection) Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [0.53, 3.74] | 3 studies · 227 participants | Low |
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone Costs associated with the interventions at 3 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection) Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ISBCS vs DSBCS Endophthalmitis · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (RCTs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1309 participants | Low |
ISBCS vs DSBCS Complications · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (NRSs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.47, 2.29] | 5 studies · 25739 participants | Very low |
ISBCS vs DSBCS Total costs per participant · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (NRSs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 4 participants | Very low |
ISBCS vs DSBCS Total costs per QALY · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (NRSs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ISBCS vs DSBCS BCDVA · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (NRSs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ISBCS vs DSBCS PROM · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (NRSs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ISBCS vs DSBCS Refraction NOT within 1.0 dioptres of target · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (RCTs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.57, 1.26] | 1 study · 982 participants | Moderate |
ISBCS vs DSBCS Complications · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (RCTs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.52, 3.4] | 2 studies · 1305 participants | Very low |
ISBCS vs DSBCS Total costs per participant · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (RCTs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |
ISBCS vs DSBCS Total costs per QALY · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (RCTs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ISBCS vs DSBCS BCDVA · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (RCTs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Very low |
ISBCS vs DSBCS PROMs · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (RCTs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1297 participants | Moderate |
ISBCS vs DSBCS Endophthalmitis · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (NRSs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.97 [0.32, 12.16] | 7 studies · 570322 participants | Low |
ISBCS vs DSBCS Refraction NOT within 1.0 dioptres of target · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (NRSs) Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.6, 1.75] | 3 studies · 946 participants | Low |
Tocilizumab every 4 weeks vs placebo Proportion of participants with sustained remission (as defined by study investigators) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.25 [1.21, 14.88] | 1 study · 30 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab every 4 weeks vs placebo Adverse events at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.66, 1.73] | 1 study · 30 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper Proportion of participants with sustained remission (as defined by study investigators) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.17 [1.71, 5.89] | 1 study · 151 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper Proportion of participants with relapse‐free survival at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [1.13, 2.02] | 1 study · 151 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper Proportion of all‐cause mortality at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper Mean time to first relapse after induction of remission (weeks) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper Cumulative mean dose of corticosteroids at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper Proportion of participants who did not need escape therapy (as defined by study investigators) · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [1.24, 2.35] | 1 study · 151 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper Mean change in quality of life at ≥ 12 months using the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey physical component score (SF‐36 PCS) · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | MD 8.18 [4.44, 11.9] | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper Mean change in quality of life at ≥ 12 months using the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey mental component score (SF‐36 MCS) · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | MD 5.61 [0.06, 11.16] | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper Mean change in VAS (higher scores suggest greater disease activity and worse quality of life) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 78 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab every 4 weeks vs placebo Proportion of participants with relapse‐free survival at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.25 [1.21, 14.88] | 1 study · 30 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper Adverse events at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.98, 1.16] | 1 study · 151 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper Proportion of participants with sustained remission (as defined by study investigators) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4 [1.97, 8.12] | 1 study · 150 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper Proportion of participants with relapse‐free survival at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.41 [1.58, 3.65] | 1 study · 150 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper Proportion of all‐cause mortality at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper Mean time to first relapse after induction of remission (weeks) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper Cumulative mean dose of corticosteroids at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper Proportion of participants who did not need escape therapy (as defined by study investigators) · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.96 [1.83, 4.78] | 1 study · 150 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper Mean change in quality of life at ≥ 12 months using the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey physical component score (SF‐36 PCS) · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | MD 3.29 | 1 study · 68 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper Mean change in quality of life at ≥ 12 months using the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey mental component score (SF‐36 MCS) · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | MD 3.22 | 1 study · 68 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper Mean change in VAS (higher scores suggest greater disease activity and worse quality of life) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Moderate |
Tocilizumab every 4 weeks vs placebo Proportion of all‐cause mortality at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.01, 3.94] | 1 study · 30 participants | Moderate |