Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

973 questions · 1,024 findings · 106 reviews

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No studies found 235 · 22.9%GRADE not reported 59 · 5.8%Very low 207 · 20.2%Low 271 · 26.5%Moderate 177 · 17.3%High 75 · 7.3%

Vitamin D vs placebo

HRQoL score (physical functioning) (change from baseline) · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Linear growth (length/height) Unit: cm Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 240 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1258 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Stunting · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in stunting Definition: L/HAZ < ‐2Time frame: 6 months compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.8, 1.01]
1 study · 1247 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialistsTime frame:… compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.03 [0.28, 14.67]
2 studies · 68 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Hypercalcaemia · children under 5 years of age

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialistsTime frame:… compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.35, 1.9]
2 studies · 367 participants
Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse effect: hyperphosphataemiae · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse effect: kidney stonesb · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

VITAMIN E showed no clear difference in tardive dyskinesia: 1. Not improved to a clinically important extent compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.89, 1.01]
6 studies · 264 participants
Low

Vitamin E vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

VITAMIN E may leads to lower tardive dyskinesia: 3. Deterioration of symptoms compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.23 [0.07, 0.76]
5 studies · 85 participants
Low

Vitamin E vs placebo

Adverse effect: any · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether VITAMIN E changes adverse effect: any compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [0.35, 4.15]
9 studies · 205 participants
Very low

Vitamin E vs placebo

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 104 participants
Very low

Vitamin E vs placebo

Leaving the study early · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether VITAMIN E changes acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.64, 1.8]
8 studies · 232 participants
Very low

Vitamin E vs placebo

Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin E vs placebo

Cognitive subdomain: episodic memory measured at the end of · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low

Vitamin E vs placebo

Executive functioning · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low

Vitamin E vs placebo

Quality of life ‐ not measured · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin E vs placebo

Incidence of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 516 participants
Moderate

Vitamin E vs placebo

Cognitive function · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low