Lack of efficacy withdrawal · adults with painful diabetic neuropathy
Topical clonidine (TC) showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to lack of efficacy (12 weeks) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participants with ≥ 1 vomiting episode · adults receiving intravenous opioids
Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications showed no clear difference in vomiting (≥1 episode) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea · adults receiving intravenous opioids
Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications showed no clear difference in nausea (≥1 episode) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · adults receiving intravenous opioids
Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of vomiting episodes · adults receiving intravenous opioids
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Nausea severity · adults receiving intravenous opioids
1 finding from 1 review
Use of rescue medication · adults receiving intravenous opioids
Prophylactic dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications showed no clear difference in rescue medication compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries
It is very uncertain whether intravenous ketorolac changes number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 4 hours compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of pain · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries
Intravenous ketorolac may leads to higher number of participants with at least 50% pain relief over 6 hours compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Median (mean) time to use of rescue medication · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries
1 finding from 1 review
Use of rescue medication · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries
It is very uncertain whether intravenous ketorolac changes number of participants using rescue medication over 4 or 6 hours… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants reporting an adverse event · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries
Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants reporting any adverse event compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · adults (mean study ages 23 to 67 years) with acute postoperative pain after abdominal/pelvic, dental or orthopedic surgeries
Intravenous ketorolac showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing a serious adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
At least 50% reduction in pain · health problem or population
It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ Ibuprofen changes number of participants with at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours compared with placebo (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Number of participants using rescue medication over 4 to 6 hours postinterventions · health problem or population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Median (mean) time to use of rescue medication · health problem or population
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants reporting an adverse event · health problem or population
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Ibuprofen showed no clear difference in number of participants reporting or experiencing any adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · health problem or population
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Very low
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic pain
3 findings from 1 review
Adverse event: lead failure/ displacement · adults with chronic pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found