Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,245 questions · 1,274 findings · 321 reviews

No studies found 247 · 19.4%GRADE not reported 195 · 15.3%Very low 372 · 29.2%Low 282 · 22.1%Moderate 141 · 11.1%High 37 · 2.9%

Ciprofloxacin vs placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS) therapy

Adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one… compared with placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS)… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention

Change in visual loss associated with PSR: visual loss is defined by the deterioration of visual acuity of 3 lines or more with the Snellen chart · type 1 or type 2 diabetics

It is very uncertain whether blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention changes visual acuity (loss of 3 lines or more) by 5 years compared with placebo/standard blood pressure intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

The proportion of patients with one or more potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) · older people receiving polypharmacy

It is very uncertain whether pharmaceutical care changes the proportion of patients with one or more potentially… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

The proportion of patients with one or more potential prescribing omission (PPO) · older people receiving polypharmacy

It is very uncertain whether pharmaceutical care changes the proportion of patients with one or more potential prescribing… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐incision slings vs transobturator minimally‐invasive slings

Patient‐reported pain: at more than 24 months · women with urinary incontinence

Single‐incision slings probably leads to lower patient‐reported pain: at more than 24 months compared with transobturator minimally‐invasive slings (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Live zoster vaccine vs placebo

Participants with adverse events: 1 or more serious adverse events regardless of type of storage of the vaccine Clinical or laboratory criteria · healthy older adults aged ≥ 60 years

Live zoster vaccine showed no clear difference in participants with adverse events: 1 or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events · Children and adolescents with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) · Children and adolescents with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes proportion of participants with one or more adverse events… compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Rate of exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations treated… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Patients with severe exacerbations (requiring hospitalisation or ER visit) · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events due to any cause · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic vs alternative approach

Prolapse on examination (Stage 2 or above) ‐ Any recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse

Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic showed no clear difference in prolapse on examination (Stage 2 or more): Any recurrent prolapse compared with alternative approach (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Assistive technology for vision improvement interventions vs usual care or attention control

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community

It is very uncertain whether assistive technology for vision improvement interventions changes number of people who experienced 1 or more fall‐related fractures compared with usual care or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Education vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community

It is very uncertain whether education interventions changes number of people who experienced 1 or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual care) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Education vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community

Education interventions showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced 1 or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual care) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review