It is very uncertain whether combined low‐dose OCP changes absence from work or school compared with another combined low‐dose OCP (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.64, 1.99]
1 study · 445 participants
Very low

Combined low‐dose OCP vs another combined low‐dose OCP

Pain score ( · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 106 participants
Low

Combined low‐dose OCP vs another combined low‐dose OCP

Pain improvement · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

Combined low‐dose OCP showed no clear difference in pain improvement compared with another combined low‐dose OCP (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.65, 1.74]
1 study · 326 participants
Moderate

Combined low‐dose OCP vs another combined low‐dose OCP

Adverse events for continuous vs standard regimen OCP · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

Combined low‐dose OCP may leads to higher adverse events for continuous vs standard regimen OCP compared with another combined low‐dose OCP (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [1.01, 1.22]
3 studies · 602 participants
Low

Combined low‐dose OCP vs another combined low‐dose OCP

Requirement for additional medication · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Lower unemployment rate vs Higher unemployment rate (low <=5% / medium >5-10% / high >10%)

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)

Mean DMFT tended to increase with unemployment rate (low 1.23, medium 2.08, high 2.38; ANOVA p<.05); descriptive country-level means only, not meta-analyzed or GRADE-rated.

3 findings from 1 review

Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries categorized by World Bank unemployment rate; not meta-analyzed (descriptive means + one-way ANOVA) · Low unemployment (<=5%)
MEAN 1.23
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries categorized by World Bank unemployment rate; not meta-analyzed (descriptive means + one-way ANOVA) · Medium unemployment (>5-10%)
MEAN 2.08
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries categorized by World Bank unemployment rate; not meta-analyzed (descriptive means + one-way ANOVA) · High unemployment (>10%)
MEAN 2.38
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Lower unemployment rate vs Higher unemployment rate (low <=5% / medium >5-10% / high >10%)

Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)

Unemployment rate was not independently associated with DMFT category in the adjusted model (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.23); not GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries; ordinal logistic regression of DMFT category on socioeconomic indicators (adjusted) · Unemployment rate (ordinal logistic regression, adjusted)
OR 0.99 [0.44, 2.23]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

QoL · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 393 participants
Very low

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

Quantitative functional improvement · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

Return to previous activities ‐ Resumption of work (days) · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 370 participants
Low

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

Time to fracture union · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 887 participants
Very low

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

Pain (short term) WOMAC scale from 0 to 20 points (higher is worse pain). · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 148 participants
Very low

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

Delayed or non‐union (medium term) · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound showed no clear difference in delayed or non‐union (medium term) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [0.5, 3.09]
7 studies · 746 participants
Moderate

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control

Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (Skin irritation) · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius, clavicle, scaphoid,…

It is very uncertain whether low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound changes adverse events Reported as skin irritation compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.06, 14.65]
1 study · 101 participants
Very low

Laminar air flow with HEPA filter vs Without laminar flow or filter

Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU per cubic feet/min/patient) using Reyniers slit sampler 30 inches (76 cm) from floor · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting

It is very uncertain whether laminar air flow with HEPA filter changes reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU per cubic… compared with without laminar flow or filter (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -319.14 [-385.60, -252.68]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Laminar air flow with HEPA filter vs Without laminar flow or filter

Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU per cubic feet/min/patient) using Andersen cascade sampler 20-30 cm from mouth · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious diseases 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -483.56 [-550.02, -417.10]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane

Overall survival ( · neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer

Taxane followed by anthracyclines showed no clear difference in overall survival ( compared with anthracyclines followed by taxane (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.8 [0.6, 1.08]
2 studies · 947 participants
Moderate