Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion vs placebo

Pain (VAS scores) on movement at postoperative day 1 Scale from: 0 to 10. · adults undergoing elective midline laparotomy for colorectal resection

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion for postoperative pain after midline laparotomy for colorectal resection… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 407 participants
Low

Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion vs placebo

Opioid consumption via patient controlled analgesia postoperative day 1 · adults undergoing elective midline laparotomy for colorectal resection

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion for postoperative pain after midline laparotomy for colorectal resection… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 528 participants
Moderate

Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion vs placebo

Time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 2 after delivery) · adults undergoing elective midline laparotomy for colorectal resection

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion for postoperative pain after midline laparotomy for colorectal resection… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 197 participants
Moderate

Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion vs placebo

Length of hospital stay · adults undergoing elective midline laparotomy for colorectal resection

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion for postoperative pain after midline laparotomy for colorectal resection… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 456 participants
High

Early enteral nutrition vs delayed enteral nutrition

Mortality (measured at 30 days) · critically ill adult patients

It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition changes mortality (measured at 30 days) compared with delayed enteral nutrition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.16, 6.38]
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Early enteral nutrition with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) vs delayed enteral nutrition with SPN

Length of hospital stay · critically ill adult patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Early enteral nutrition with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) vs delayed enteral nutrition with SPN

Duration of mechanical ventilation · critically ill adult patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 27 participants
Very low

Early enteral nutrition vs delayed enteral nutrition

Length of hospital stay · critically ill adult patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Early enteral nutrition vs delayed enteral nutrition

Duration of mechanical ventilation · critically ill adult patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 125 participants
Very low

Rigid dressings vs soft dressings

Physical function ‐ Time from amputation to walking (days) · people who had undergone transtibial amputations

1 finding from 1 review

Rigid dressings versus soft dressings for transtibial amputations 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Very low

Rigid dressings vs soft dressings

Length of hospital stay · people who had undergone transtibial amputations

1 finding from 1 review

Rigid dressings versus soft dressings for transtibial amputations 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Very low

Parent training vs control

Crying time at completion Measured in: minutes/day · infants with colic defined by recognised criteria

1 finding from 1 review

Parent training programmes for managing infantile colic 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 157 participants
Low

Prophylactic probiotics vs placebo

Crying time at completion Measured in: minutes/day · infants without colic

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent infantile colic 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 707 participants
Low

Exercise vs control immediately post intervention

Falls · people with multiple sclerosis

It is very uncertain whether exercise changes falls rate Falls were measured using prospective daily diaries,… compared with control (post‐intervention) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in people with multiple sclerosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 0.68 [0.43, 1.06]
5 studies · 399 participants
Very low

URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement

Postoperative pain day 0

1 finding from 1 review

Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 346 participants
Moderate

URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement

Postoperative pain day 1 to day 3

1 finding from 1 review

Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 683 participants
Low

URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement

Postoperative pain day 4 to day 30

1 finding from 1 review

Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 903 participants
Very low

URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement

UTI (positive urine culture as well as symptoms) up to 90 days

URS with stent placement showed no clear difference in UTI (positive urine culture as well as symptoms) up to 90 days compared with URS with no stent placement (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.59, 1.51]
10 studies · 1207 participants
Moderate

URS with stent placement vs URS with no stent placement

Ureteral stricture up to 90 days

It is very uncertain whether URS with stent placement changes ureteral stricture up to 90 days compared with URS with no stent placement (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ureteral stent versus no ureteral stent for ureteroscopy in the management of renal and ureteral calculi 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.23, 1.47]
14 studies · 1625 participants
Very low

Prebiotic vs no prebiotics

Duration of phototherapy (days) · Neonates, including term neonates (gestational age ≥ 37 weeks), late preterm neonates (35 to 37 weeks' gestation) and preterm neonates (<…

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 28 participants
Low