Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,733 questions · 1,794 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 243 · 13.5%GRADE not reported 96 · 5.4%Very low 597 · 33.3%Low 506 · 28.2%Moderate 303 · 16.9%High 49 · 2.7%

Ambulatory oxygen vs air

Six‐minute walk distance · people with ILD

1 finding from 1 review

Ambulatory and short‐burst oxygen for interstitial lung disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Ambulatory oxygen vs air

Endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) (m) · people with ILD

1 finding from 1 review

Ambulatory and short‐burst oxygen for interstitial lung disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 6 participants
Low

Ambulatory oxygen vs air

Dyspnea · people with ILD

1 finding from 1 review

Ambulatory and short‐burst oxygen for interstitial lung disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Ambulatory oxygen vs air

Endurance time on constant load ergometry (s) · people with ILD

1 finding from 1 review

Ambulatory and short‐burst oxygen for interstitial lung disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 72 participants
Low

Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists vs B2‐agonists alone

Length of hospital stay · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled anticholinergics and short‐acting beta₂‐agonists versus short‐acting beta2‐agonists alone for children with… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 327 participants
Moderate

Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists vs B2‐agonists alone

Asthma clinical scores · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation

Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in asthma clinical scores compared with beta2‐agonists alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled anticholinergics and short‐acting beta₂‐agonists versus short‐acting beta2‐agonists alone for children with… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 117 participants
Moderate

Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists vs B2‐agonists alone

Incidence of admissions to the ICU · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled anticholinergics and short‐acting beta₂‐agonists versus short‐acting beta2‐agonists alone for children with… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 210 participants
Moderate

Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists vs B2‐agonists alone

Overall withdrawals · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation

Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in overall withdrawals compared with beta2‐agonists alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled anticholinergics and short‐acting beta₂‐agonists versus short‐acting beta2‐agonists alone for children with… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.59 [0.27, 1.3]
2 studies · 294 participants
Moderate

Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists vs B2‐agonists alone

Adverse health events · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled anticholinergics and short‐acting beta₂‐agonists versus short‐acting beta2‐agonists alone for children with… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 290 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

PPI versus placebo Symptomatic outcome measures · patients with heartburn remission in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms

The intervention leads to lower PPI versus placebo Symptomatic outcome measures (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.37 [0.32, 0.44]
2 studies · 760 participants
High

Intervention not reported

H2RA versus placebo · patients with heartburn remission in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms

The intervention probably leads to lower H2RA versus placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.6, 0.99]
2 studies · 1013 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Prokinetic versus placebo · patients with heartburn remission in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 322 participants
High

Intervention not reported

PPI versus H2RA · patients with heartburn remission in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms

The intervention probably leads to lower PPI versus H2RA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.6, 0.73]
7 studies · 3147 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

PPI versus prokinetic · patients with heartburn remission in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms

The intervention may leads to lower PPI versus prokinetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.53 [0.32, 0.87]
2 studies · 747 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

PPI versus placebo · patients with heartburn remission in endoscopy negative reflux disease

The intervention probably leads to lower PPI versus placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.65, 0.78]
10 studies · 3710 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

H2RA versus placebo · patients with heartburn remission in endoscopy negative reflux disease

The intervention probably leads to lower H2RA versus placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.74, 0.95]
2 studies · 514 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

PPI versus H2RA · patients with heartburn remission in endoscopy negative reflux disease

The intervention may leads to lower PPI versus H2RA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.62, 0.97]
4 studies · 960 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

PPI versus prokinetic · patients with heartburn remission in endoscopy negative reflux disease

The intervention may leads to lower PPI versus prokinetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.56, 0.92]
1 study · 302 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Treatment failure at 1 month or less · patients with acute otitis media

The intervention led to higher treatment failure at 1 month or less; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.34 [1.15, 1.55]
16 studies · 5093 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Treatment failure at 8 to 19 days · patients with acute otitis media

The intervention led to higher treatment failure at 8 to 19 days; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Short‐course antibiotics for acute otitis media 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.27 [1.04, 1.55]
18 studies · 4347 participants
GRADE not reported