Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,097 questions · 3,266 findings · 631 reviews

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No studies found 430 · 13.2%GRADE not reported 193 · 5.9%Very low 995 · 30.5%Low 904 · 27.7%Moderate 591 · 18.1%High 153 · 4.7%

Dose comparison: oestrogen 100 µg patch vs 200 µg patch plus progestogen

Symptoms score: Premenstrual Daily Questionnaire (PDQ) Scale from 0 to 30, with a higher score indicating a worse outcome over 8 months · women with PMS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐contraceptive oestrogen‐containing preparations for controlling symptoms of premenstrual syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 98 participants
Very low

One‐incision vs two‐incision techniques

Activity level: Tegner score ( 0 to 10; higher scores = greater activity) · adults undergoing arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction1

1 finding from 1 review

One‐incision versus two‐incision techniques for arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

CBT vs control

QOL (physical subscale): postintervention Higher score equals better QOL. · children and adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 136 participants
Very low

CBT vs control

QOL (psychosocial subscale): postintervention Higher score equals better QOL. · children and adolescents with recurrent abdominal pain

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 136 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), SD units: measured on FACIT‐Pal, TOI of FACT‐Hep, TOI of FACT‐L, FACT‐G, McGill Quality of Life, FACIT‐Sp. Higher scores indicate better HRQOL. · patients with advanced cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Early palliative care for adults with advanced cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1028 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Depression, SD units: measured on CES‐D, HADS‐D, PHQ‐9. Higher scores indicate higher depressive symptom load. · patients with advanced cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Early palliative care for adults with advanced cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 762 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Depression, natural units: measured on CES‐D (from 0 to 60). Higher scores indicate higher depressive symptom load · patients with advanced cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Early palliative care for adults with advanced cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 762 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Symptom intensity, SD units: measured on ESAS, QUAL‐E Symptom Impact Subscale, SDS, RSC, LCS of FACT‐L, HCS of FACT‐Hep. Higher scores indicate higher symptom intensity. · patients with advanced cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Early palliative care for adults with advanced cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1054 participants
Low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 118 participants
Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (long term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
Very low

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Kujala patellofemoral disorders score Scale from: 0 to 100 (higher scores = better function) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
Very low

NMES vs exercise

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation changes knee function (short term) Arpège function scale (0 to 18; higher… compared with exercise (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Very low

Individual TF‐CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Severity of PTSD symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 13 participants
Low

Individual TF‐CBT vs EMDR

Severity of PTSD symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Very low

Individual TF‐CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Quality of life: 1. General quality of life · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 39 participants
Low

Individual TF‐CBT vs Brief PTSD psychoeducation

Severity of PTSD symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 52 participants
Low

Individual TF‐CBT vs Brief PTSD psychoeducation

Quality of life: 1. General quality of life · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 49 participants
Low

Individual TF‐CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Symptoms of co‐morbid psychosis: 1. Overall mental state · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 9 participants
Low

Individual TF‐CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Anxiety · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 9 participants
Very low

Individual TF‐CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Depressive symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 48 participants
Very low