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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

1,956 questions in 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal

current versions
No studies 555 · 28.4%Ungraded 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
NSAIDs vs placebo
Withdrawals due to adverse events · acute gout
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
NSAIDs vs placebo
Total adverse events · acute gout
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.85]NRLow
Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors
Pain: mean change from baseline on 5‐point (0 to 4, 0 no pain) Likert scale · acute gout
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors
Inflammation (swelling): mean change from baselineon 4‐point (0 to 3, 0 no swelling) Likert scale · acute gout
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRModerate
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk, plus lactose powder
Acute gout flaresParticipant self‐report, using gout flare diary · people with chronic gout
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 120 participantsLow
Vitamin C vs allopurinol
sUA reduction · peoeple with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36 mmol/L
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 40 participantsLow
Vitamin C vs allopurinol
Joint pain reduction · peoeple with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36 mmol/L
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitamin C vs allopurinol
Participant global assessment · peoeple with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36 mmol/L
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitamin C vs allopurinol
Total adverse events · peoeple with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36 mmol/L
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 40 participantsLow
Vitamin C vs allopurinol
Tophus regression · peoeple with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36 mmol/L
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk, plus lactose powder
Study withdrawals due to adverse events · people with chronic gout
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.27 [0.53, 3.03]1 study · 120 participantsLow
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk, plus lactose powder
sUA acid reductionb (in mmol/L) · people with chronic gout
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 120 participantsLow
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk, plus lactose powder
Joint pain reduction10‐point Likert scale (0 = no pain) · people with chronic gout
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 120 participantsLow
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk, plus lactose powder
Participant global assessment 5‐point Likert scale (5 = excellent) · people with chronic gout
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk, plus lactose powder
Total adverse eventsd · people with chronic gout
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.97 [0.66, 1.45]1 study · 120 participantsLow
Skim milk enriched with GMP/G600 vs skim milk, plus lactose powder
Tophus regression · people with chronic gout
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitamin C vs allopurinol
Acute gout flares · peoeple with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36 mmol/L
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitamin C vs allopurinol
Study withdrawals due to adverse events · peoeple with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36 mmol/L
Dietary supplements for chronic gout (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 40 participantsLow
Belimumab 10 mg/kg vs placebo
Reduction of at least 4 points in SELENA‐SLEDAI at 52 weeks SELENA‐SLEDAI score, a validated marker of SLE disease activity (range 0 to 105; higher score = worse disease activity) · people with active systemic lupus erythematosus (but not active nephritis or active central nervous system involvement)
Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.33 [1.22, 1.45]4 studies · 2666 participantsHigh
Belimumab 10 mg/kg vs placebo
Change in HRQOL, on SF‐36 PCS score at 52 weeks Improvement in SF‐36 PCS score from baseline ( · people with active systemic lupus erythematosus (but not active nephritis or active central nervous system involvement)
Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · Cochrane
MD 1.6 [0.3, 2.9]2 studies · 801 participantsModerate
Belimumab 10 mg/kg vs placebo
Reduction of glucocorticoid dose by at least 50% · people with active systemic lupus erythematosus (but not active nephritis or active central nervous system involvement)
Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.59 [1.17, 2.15]2 studies · 537 participantsHigh
Belimumab 10 mg/kg vs placebo
Participants with one or more serious adverse events · people with active systemic lupus erythematosus (but not active nephritis or active central nervous system involvement)
Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.11]5 studies · 2890 participantsLow
Belimumab 10 mg/kg vs placebo
Participants with one or more serious infections · people with active systemic lupus erythematosus (but not active nephritis or active central nervous system involvement)
Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.01 [0.66, 1.54]4 studies · 2185 participantsModerate
Belimumab 10 mg/kg vs placebo
Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with active systemic lupus erythematosus (but not active nephritis or active central nervous system involvement)
Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.82 [0.63, 1.07]5 studies · 2890 participantsModerate
Belimumab 10 mg/kg vs placebo
Number of participants who died during the study · people with active systemic lupus erythematosus (but not active nephritis or active central nervous system involvement)
Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus (2021) · Cochrane
Peto OR 1.15 [0.41, 3.25]6 studies · 2917 participantsLow
Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up
Pain (VAS, PRTEE) translated to 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain · lateral elbow pain
Autologous blood and platelet‐rich plasma injection therapy for lateral elbow pain (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted8 studies · 523 participantsModerate
Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up
Function (PRTEE, DASH, MMCPIE, Roles‐Maudsley), translated to 0 to 100, where 0 is best function, or no disability · lateral elbow pain
Autologous blood and platelet‐rich plasma injection therapy for lateral elbow pain (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted8 studies · 502 participantsModerate
Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up
Treatment success (> 25% improvement in pain or function) · lateral elbow pain
Autologous blood and platelet‐rich plasma injection therapy for lateral elbow pain (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1 [0.83, 1.19]4 studies · 372 participantsVery low
Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up
Health‐related quality of life Not measured · lateral elbow pain
Autologous blood and platelet‐rich plasma injection therapy for lateral elbow pain (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up
Pain relief ≥ 30% or ≥ 50% Not measured at 3 months · lateral elbow pain
Autologous blood and platelet‐rich plasma injection therapy for lateral elbow pain (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up
Withdrawal due to adverse events  · lateral elbow pain
Autologous blood and platelet‐rich plasma injection therapy for lateral elbow pain (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.32 [0.03, 2.92]1 study · 80 participantsVery low
Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up
Adverse events (pain and swelling at injection site and limitation of elbow movement following injection) · lateral elbow pain
Autologous blood and platelet‐rich plasma injection therapy for lateral elbow pain (2021) · Cochrane
RR 1.14 [0.76, 1.72]5 studies · 425 participantsLow
Kinesiotaping vs sham taping
Overall pain · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Kinesiotaping vs other conservative treatment
Pain on motion · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Kinesiotaping vs other conservative treatment
Active range of motion (shoulder abduction) without pain. Scale: 0 to 180 degrees№ of participants: 143(3 RCTs) · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Kinesiotaping vs other conservative treatment
Quality of life · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRLow
Kinesiotaping vs other conservative treatment
Global assessment of treatment success№ of participants: (0 studies) · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Kinesiotaping vs other conservative treatment
Adverse events№ of participants: 391 (7 RCTs) · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Kinesiotaping vs sham taping
Function · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Kinesiotaping vs sham taping
Pain on motion · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Kinesiotaping vs sham taping
Active range of motion (shoulder abduction) without pain. Scale: 0 to 180 degrees№ of participants: 68(2 RCTs) · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Kinesiotaping vs sham taping
Global assessment of treatment success№ of participants: (0 studies) · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Kinesiotaping vs sham taping
Quality of life№ of participants: (0 studies) · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Kinesiotaping vs sham taping
Adverse events№ of participants: 136 (4 RCTs) · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Kinesiotaping vs other conservative treatment
Overall pain · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
Kinesiotaping vs other conservative treatment
Function · rotator cuff disease
Kinesio taping for rotator cuff disease (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRVery low
NSAID injection vs glucocorticoid injection
Resolution at 12 to 24 weeks Quinell Grade (range 0 to 4, resolved disease is grade 0) · adults (> 18 years of age) with trigger finger
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for trigger finger (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.83 [0.62, 1.11]2 studies · 231 participantsLow
NSAID injection vs glucocorticoid injection
Persistent moderate to severe symptoms at 12 to 24 weeks · adults (> 18 years of age) with trigger finger
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for trigger finger (2021) · Cochrane
RR 2.03 [1.19, 3.46]2 studies · 231 participantsLow
NSAID injection vs glucocorticoid injection
Recurrence at 12 to 24 weeks · adults (> 18 years of age) with trigger finger
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for trigger finger (2021) · Cochrane
RR 0.07 [0.01, 0.38]2 studies · 231 participantsVery low
NSAID injection vs glucocorticoid injection
Total active motion · adults (> 18 years of age) with trigger finger
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for trigger finger (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 99 participantsLow