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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

535 questions in 56 reviews · Hypertension

current versions

No studies 37 · 6.9%Ungraded 34 · 6.4%Very low 91 · 17%Low 161 · 30.1%Moderate 136 · 25.4%High 76 · 14.2%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
First‐line high‐dose thiazide vs placebo Total mortality · adult patients with primary hypertension First‐line drugs for hypertension (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	11 studies · 19839 participants	Moderate
First‐line high‐dose thiazide vs placebo Total stroke · adult patients with primary hypertension First‐line drugs for hypertension (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	11 studies · 19839 participants	Moderate
First‐line high‐dose thiazide vs placebo Total coronary heart disease · adult patients with primary hypertension First‐line drugs for hypertension (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	11 studies · 19839 participants	Low
First‐line high‐dose thiazide vs placebo Total cardiovascular events · adult patients with primary hypertension First‐line drugs for hypertension (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	11 studies · 19839 participants	Moderate
RAS inhibitors vs CCBs All‐cause death · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.03 [0.98, 1.09]	5 studies · 35226 participants	Moderate
RAS inhibitors vs thiazides Total myocardial infarction · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]	2 studies · 24379 participants	Moderate
RAS inhibitors vs thiazides Total stroke · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.14 [1.02, 1.28]	1 study · 24309 participants	Moderate
RAS inhibitors vs thiazides End stage renal failure · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.1 [0.88, 1.37]	1 study · 24309 participants	Low
RAS inhibitors vs beta‐blockers All‐cause death · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.89 [0.78, 1.01]	1 study · 9193 participants	Low
RAS inhibitors vs beta‐blockers Total cardiovascular events · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.88 [0.8, 0.98]	2 studies · 9239 participants	Low
RAS inhibitors vs beta‐blockers Total heart failure · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.95 [0.76, 1.18]	1 study · 9193 participants	Low
RAS inhibitors vs beta‐blockers Total myocardial infarction · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.05 [0.86, 1.27]	2 studies · 9239 participants	Low
RAS inhibitors vs beta‐blockers Total stroke · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.75 [0.63, 0.88]	1 study · 9193 participants	Low
RAS inhibitors vs CCBs Total cardiovascular events · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.98 [0.93, 1.02]	6 studies · 35223 participants	Moderate
RAS inhibitors vs CCBs Death or hospitalization for heart failure · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.83 [0.77, 0.9]	5 studies · 35143 participants	Moderate
RAS inhibitors vs CCBs Total myocardial infarction · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.93, 1.09]	5 studies · 35043 participants	Moderate
RAS inhibitors vs CCBs Total stroke · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.19 [1.08, 1.32]	4 studies · 34673 participants	Moderate
RAS inhibitors vs CCBs End stage renal failure · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.88 [0.74, 1.05]	4 studies · 19551 participants	Low
RAS inhibitors vs thiazides All‐cause death · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.94, 1.07]	1 study · 24309 participants	Moderate
RAS inhibitors vs thiazides Total cardiovascular events · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.05 [1, 1.11]	2 studies · 24379 participants	Moderate
RAS inhibitors vs thiazides Death or hospitalization for heart failure · people with hypertension First‐line drugs inhibiting the renin angiotensin system versus other first‐line antihypertensive drug… (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.19 [1.07, 1.31]	1 study · 24309 participants	Moderate
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture Change in SBP shortly after last session · people with primary hypertension Acupuncture for hypertension (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 386 participants	Very low
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture Change in DBP shortly after last session · people with primary hypertension Acupuncture for hypertension (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 386 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Adverse events · people with primary hypertension Acupuncture for hypertension (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 426 participants	Low
Intervention NR LDL‐cholesterol fluvastatin 10 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 595 participants	High
Intervention NR Total cholesterol fluvastatin 80 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	27 studies · 3943 participants	High
Intervention NR CI: Confidence interval · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Mean baseline values. · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 participants	Ungraded
Intervention NR Triglycerides fluvastatin 10 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 259 participants	High
Intervention NR Triglycerides fluvastatin 20 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	39 studies · 7510 participants	High
Intervention NR Triglycerides fluvastatin 40 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	48 studies · 2646 participants	High
Intervention NR Triglycerides fluvastatin 80 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	23 studies · 3623 participants	High
Intervention NR CI: Confidence interval · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Mean baseline values. · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 participants	Ungraded
Intervention NR WDAEs within 3‐12 weeks · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.52 [0.94, 2.45]	16 studies · 3023 participants	Very low
Intervention NR LDL‐cholesterol fluvastatin 20 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	55 studies · 9010 participants	High
Intervention NR LDL‐cholesterol fluvastatin 40 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	57 studies · 3658 participants	High
Intervention NR LDL‐cholesterol fluvastatin 80 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	32 studies · 4928 participants	High
Intervention NR CI: Confidence interval · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Mean baseline values. · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 participants	Ungraded
Intervention NR Total cholesterol fluvastatin 10 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 287 participants	High
Intervention NR Total cholesterol fluvastatin 20 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	50 studies · 6309 participants	High
Intervention NR Total cholesterol fluvastatin 40 mg/day · participants with normal or abnormal lipid profiles Fluvastatin for lowering lipids (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	55 studies · 2966 participants	High
Beta‐blockers vs placebo Total mortality Beta‐blockers for hypertension (2017) · Cochrane	RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.11]	4 studies · 23613 participants	Moderate
Beta‐blockers vs diuretics Withdrawal due to adverse effect Beta‐blockers for hypertension (2017) · Cochrane	RR 1.69 [0.95, 3]	3 studies · 11566 participants	Low
Beta‐blockers vs calcium‐channel blockers Total mortality Beta‐blockers for hypertension (2017) · Cochrane	RR 1.07 [1, 1.14]	4 studies · 44825 participants	Moderate
Beta‐blockers vs calcium‐channel blockers Total cardiovascular disease Beta‐blockers for hypertension (2017) · Cochrane	RR 1.18 [1.08, 1.29]	2 studies · 19915 participants	Moderate
Beta‐blockers vs calcium‐channel blockers Total stroke Beta‐blockers for hypertension (2017) · Cochrane	RR 1.24 [1.11, 1.4]	3 studies · 44167 participants	Moderate
Beta‐blockers vs calcium‐channel blockers Total coronary heart disease Beta‐blockers for hypertension (2017) · Cochrane	RR 1.05 [0.96, 1.15]	3 studies · 44167 participants	Moderate
Beta‐blockers vs calcium‐channel blockers Withdrawal due to adverse effect Beta‐blockers for hypertension (2017) · Cochrane	RR 1.2 [0.71, 2.04]	2 studies · 21591 participants	Low