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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
473 questions in 36 reviews · HIV/AIDS
current versionsNo studies 38 · 8%Ungraded 9 · 1.9%Very low 126 · 26.6%Low 127 · 26.8%Moderate 152 · 32.1%High 21 · 4.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Behavioural intervention vs control STI prevalence for clients of sex workers · Sex workers and their clients Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.09 [0.01, 0.72] | 1 study · 288 participants | High |
Behavioural intervention vs control Condom use for sex workers · Sex workers and their clients Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.99, 1.09] | 3 studies · 1133 participants | Very low |
Behavioural intervention vs control Condom use for clients of sex workers · Sex workers and their clients Behavioral interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in… (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.69, 1.75] | 1 study · 26 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR HIV infection (all studies together, regardless of sexual role) Lab test or self report · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.7, 1.06] | 20 studies · 64915 participants | Low |
Intervention NR HIV infection (mainly receptive anal sex) · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane | OR 1.2 [0.63, 2.29] | 3 studies · 876 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR HIV infection (mainly insertive anal sex) · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.27 [0.17, 0.44] | 7 studies · 2098 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Syphilis · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.82, 1.13] | 6 studies · 31174 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Herpes simplex virus ‐ 1 · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.9 [0.53, 1.52] | 2 studies · 2740 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Herpes simplex virus ‐ 2 · Men who have sex with men and transgender persons Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.62, 1.21] | 4 studies · 10285 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Consistent condom use ‐ 3 months Self‐report · patients with women living with HIV Behavioral interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.43, 1.2] | 3 studies · 272 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Consistent condom use ‐ 6 months Self‐report · patients with women living with HIV Behavioral interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.66, 1.4] | 4 studies · 637 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Consistent condom use ‐ 12 months Self‐report · patients with women living with HIV Behavioral interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.75 [0.51, 1.11] | 2 studies · 487 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Incidence of STI3 ‐ not reported · patients with women living with HIV Behavioral interventions to promote condom use among women living with HIV (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cure · prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0 [0, 0] | 0 studies · 1 participants | Ungraded |
Lactobacillus vs Placebo Cure · patients with prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0 [0, 0] | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Lactobacillus vs Placebo Episodes of confirmed vaginal candidiasis fungal smear · patients with prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.26, 1.13] | 1 study · 114 participants | Low |
Clotrimazole vs Placebo Cure · patients with prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0 [0, 0] | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Clotrimazole vs Placebo Episode of confirmed vaginal candidiasis fungal smear · patients with prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.22, 1.09] | 1 study · 106 participants | Low |
Azoles vs Placebo Episode of confirmed vaginal candidiasis Fungal Smears · patients with prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.46, 0.88] | 2 studies · 429 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Episode of confirmed vaginal candidiasis ‐ Upto 12 months Fungal smears · prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.47, 0.97] | 1 study · 323 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Episode of confirmed vaginal candidiasis ‐ Upto 24 Months Fungal smears · prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.63, 0.99] | 1 study · 323 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Emergence of non albicans species of Candida ‐ At 12 months Fungal Smears · prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.85, 2.51] | 1 study · 323 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Emergence of non albicans species of Candida ‐ At 24 months Fungal Smears · prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.89, 1.94] | 1 study · 323 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR In Vitro resistance to azoles ‐ Candida albicans MIC >= 64 micrograms/ml · prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.15, 4.9] | 1 study · 96 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR In Vitro resistance to azoles ‐ Non albicans Candida MIC>= 64 micrograms/ml · prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 5.57 [1.7, 18.29] | 1 study · 96 participants | Moderate |
Lactobacillus vs Clotrimazole Cure · prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 0 [0, 0] | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Lactobacillus vs Clotrimazole Episodes of confirmed vaginal candidiasis fungal smear · prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection (2011) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.45, 2.76] | 1 study · 108 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mortality ‐ not measured · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Disease progression ‐ not measured · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Severe adverse events · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adherence/tolerability/retention ‐ not reported · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion achieving VL <50 copies/ml · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.92, 1.8] | 1 study · 131 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change from baseline in CD4 · patients with first‐line ART failure Antiretroviral regimens for patients with HIV who fail first‐line antiretroviral therapy (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Low |
Early ART vs standard or deferred ART (CD4 <= 200 or CD4 <= 250 cells/µl) Death · patients with asymptomatic, HIV‐infected, treatment naive adults Optimal time for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic, HIV‐infected, treatment‐naive adults (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.26 [0.11, 0.62] | 2 studies · 1065 participants | Moderate |
Early ART vs standard or deferred ART (CD4 <= 200 or CD4 <= 250 cells/µl) Tuberculosis · patients with asymptomatic, HIV‐infected, treatment naive adults Optimal time for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic, HIV‐infected, treatment‐naive adults (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.26, 1.12] | 2 studies · 1065 participants | Moderate |
Early ART vs standard or deferred ART (CD4 <= 200 or CD4 <= 250 cells/µl) Disease progression measured by opportunistic disease Opportunistic disease events · patients with asymptomatic, HIV‐infected, treatment naive adults Optimal time for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic, HIV‐infected, treatment‐naive adults (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.03, 2.87] | 1 study · 249 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Infant HIV Transmission or Death at 6 Months · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.43, 1] | 1 study · 795 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora continued: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Mother to Child Transmission at Birth · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.29, 2.07] | 1 study · 805 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora continued: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Mother to Child Transmission at 6 Weeks · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.34, 1.37] | 1 study · 789 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora continued: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Mother to Child Transmission at 6 Months · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.33, 0.99] | 1 study · 776 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora continued: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Mother to Child Transmission at 12 Months · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.34, 0.97] | 1 study · 761 participants | Very low |
Lehman: AZT/3TC/NVP vs Short Course AZT/sdNVP Maternal Resistance · HIV‐Infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.07, 0.88] | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Mma Bana: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs AZT/3TC/ABC Infant Mortality at 6 Months · HIV‐Infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts >200 cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.34, 2.68] | 1 study · 553 participants | Low |
Mma Bana: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs AZT/3TC/ABC Women With Any Grade 3/4 Severe Adverse Event (Laboratory Only) · HIV‐Infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts >200 cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.51, 1.21] | 1 study · 560 participants | Very low |
Mma Bana: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs AZT/3TC/ABC Women With Any Severe Adverse Events Requiring Treatment Modification · HIV‐Infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts >200 cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.3, 2.61] | 1 study · 560 participants | Very low |
Mma Bana: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs AZT/3TC/ABC Infants With Any Grade 3/4 Severe Adverse Events · HIV‐Infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts >200 cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.93, 1.37] | 1 study · 553 participants | Low |
Mma Bana: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs AZT/3TC/ABC Prematurity · HIV‐Infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts >200 cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.52 [1.07, 2.17] | 1 study · 553 participants | Low |
Kesho Bora: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs Short‐Course AZT (intrapartum AZT/3TC/sd‐NVP) Infant HIV Transmission or Death at 12 months · HIV‐infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts 200‐500 Cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.44, 0.92] | 1 study · 765 participants | Very low |
Mma Bana: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs AZT/3TC/ABC Infant Low Birth Weight · HIV‐Infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts >200 cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [0.85, 1.91] | 1 study · 553 participants | Low |
Mma Bana continued: AZT/3TC/LPV‐r vs AZT/3TC/ABC Stillbirths · HIV‐Infected Pregnant Women With CD4 Counts >200 cells/mm3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART‐eligible pregnant women (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.21, 1.96] | 1 study · 560 participants | Low |