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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · people with CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Low |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Triglycerides (mmol/L), change from baseline · people with CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Vegan dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention Total cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 449 participants | Moderate |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · people with CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · people with CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Vegan dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 449 participants | Moderate |
Vegan dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 449 participants | Moderate |
Vegan dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention Triglycerides (mmol/L), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 449 participants | Moderate |
Vegan dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 374 participants | Low |
Vegan dietary intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 372 participants | Low |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention CVD events ‐ not reported · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vegan dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention Total cholesterol (mmol/L), change from baseline · people at high risk of CVD Vegan dietary pattern for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 163 participants | Low |
Interrupted vs uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy Outcomes and · adults with arrhythmias undergoing catheter ablation Interrupted versus uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy for catheter ablation in adults with arrhythmias (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interrupted vs uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy Thromboembolic events · adults with arrhythmias undergoing catheter ablation Interrupted versus uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy for catheter ablation in adults with arrhythmias (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.76 [0.33, 9.46] | 6 studies · 3468 participants | Very low |
Interrupted vs uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy Major bleeding · adults with arrhythmias undergoing catheter ablation Interrupted versus uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy for catheter ablation in adults with arrhythmias (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.59, 2.05] | 10 studies · 4584 participants | Low |
Interrupted vs uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy Composite endpoint of thromboembolic events (stroke or systemic embolism), major bleeding events, and all‐cause mortality · adults with arrhythmias undergoing catheter ablation Interrupted versus uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy for catheter ablation in adults with arrhythmias (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.07, 0.81] | 1 study · 442 participants | Low |
Interrupted vs uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy Minor bleeding · adults with arrhythmias undergoing catheter ablation Interrupted versus uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy for catheter ablation in adults with arrhythmias (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.46, 2.22] | 9 studies · 3843 participants | Very low |
Interrupted vs uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy All‐cause mortality · adults with arrhythmias undergoing catheter ablation Interrupted versus uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy for catheter ablation in adults with arrhythmias (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.21] | 1 study · 442 participants | Low |
Interrupted vs uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy Asymptomatic thromboembolic events · adults with arrhythmias undergoing catheter ablation Interrupted versus uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy for catheter ablation in adults with arrhythmias (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [0.85, 2.47] | 6 studies · 1268 participants | Very low |
[Axillary] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks First‐attempt success rate · adults requiring axillary artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Dorsalis pedis] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Overall success rate · adults requiring dorsalis pedis artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.91, 1.1] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
[Dorsalis pedis] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Time needed for a successful procedure · adults requiring dorsalis pedis artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
[Dorsalis pedis] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Major haematoma · adults requiring dorsalis pedis artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Dorsalis pedis] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring dorsalis pedis artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Dorsalis pedis] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Quality of life · adults requiring dorsalis pedis artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks First‐attempt success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [1.29, 1.61] | 27 studies · 4708 participants | Low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Pseudomaneurysm · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.89 [0.12, 70.63] | 1 study · 679 participants | Very low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Overall success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [1.06, 1.16] | 28 studies · 4955 participants | Low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Time needed for a successful procedure · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 26 studies · 4902 participants | Low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Major haematoma · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.23, 0.56] | 16 studies · 2504 participants | Moderate |
[Axillary] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Pseudoaneurysm · adults requiring axillary artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 883 participants | Very low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Quality of life (satisfaction) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs Doppler assistance First‐attempt success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [1.11, 1.64] | 1 study · 493 participants | Moderate |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs Doppler assistance Pseudoaneurysm · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs Doppler assistance Overall success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.99, 1.29] | 1 study · 493 participants | Low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs Doppler assistance Time needed for a successful procedure · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 493 participants | Moderate |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs Doppler assistance Major haematoma · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs Doppler assistance Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs Doppler assistance Quality of life · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs near‐infrared laser guidance First‐attempt success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.82, 2.16] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
[Axillary] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Overall success rate · adults requiring axillary artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [0.99, 1.86] | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs near‐infrared laser guidance Pseudoaneurysm · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs near‐infrared laser guidance Overall success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.27, 8.45] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs near‐infrared laser guidance Time needed for a successful procedure · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs near‐infrared laser guidance Major haematoma · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs near‐infrared laser guidance Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs near‐infrared laser guidance Quality of life · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs modified B‐mode ultrasound First‐attempt success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.55, 0.84] | 2 studies · 153 participants | Low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs modified B‐mode ultrasound Pseudoaneurysm · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |