Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Laser trabeculoplasty vs medication Adverse effects: IOP spikes · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs medication Costs · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs trabeculectomy Failure to control IOP (as defined by study investigators) · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.12 [1.44, 3.11] | NR | Low |
Laser trabeculoplasty vs trabeculectomy Failure to stabilise visual field progression (as defined by study investigators) · people with open‐angle glaucoma Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
NSAID vs placebo or active control Visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more Snellen lines · participants with acute CME (< 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.46, 8.76] | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo Improvement in central macular thickness on OCT · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs placebo Improved contrast sensitivity · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs placebo Change in QoL · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs active control Visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more Snellen lines · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [1.02, 1.94] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs active control Persistence of visual improvement one month after discontinuation of treatment · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs active control Improvement in leakage on FFA · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs active control Improvement in central macular thickness on OCT · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs active control Improved contrast sensitivity · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs active control Change in QoL · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs placebo or active control Persistence of visual improvement one month after discontinuation of treatment · participants with acute CME (< 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs placebo or active control Improvement in leakage on FFA Â · participants with acute CME (< 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.45, 2.75] | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo or active control Improvement in central macular thickness on OCT · participants with acute CME (< 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs placebo or active control Improved contrast sensitivity  · participants with acute CME (< 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.45, 2.75] | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo or active control Change in QoL · participants with acute CME (< 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAID vs placebo Visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more Snellen lines  · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.3, 1.73] | 2 studies · 34 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo Persistence of visual improvement one month after discontinuation of treatment · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.44, 3.07] | 2 studies · 46 participants | Very low |
NSAID vs placebo Improvement in leakage on FFA Â · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.93 [0.62, 6.02] | 2 studies · 40 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone CAS improvement (decrease) by 2 or more points · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.98, 1.78] | 1 study · 31 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs placebo Proptosis improvement (decrease) by 2 mm or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.1, 2.08] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs placebo Palpebral aperture change · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs placebo Motility · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs placebo Quality of Life · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs placebo Adverse effects · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.46 [0.84, 7.18] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone NOSPECS improvement (decrease) by 2 or more classes · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.25, 4.49] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone Proptosis improvement (decrease) by 2 mm or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.02, 8.08] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone Palpebral aperture improvement (decrease) by 3 mm or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 5.31 [0.28, 102.38] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone Motility improvement (increase) by 1 class or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.25, 4.49] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone Quality of life improvement by at least 6 points · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone Adverse events · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.9, 2.13] | 1 study · 31 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs placebo CAS improvement (decrease) by 2 or more points · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.34, 4.4] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab vs placebo NOSPECS improvement (decrease) by 2 classes or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.15, 5.56] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Failure of re‐epithelialisation by day 21 post‐injury Image analysis of digital photographs · people with moderate acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.18 [0.02, 1.31] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Symblepharon Presence of symblepharon · people with severe acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.56, 1.42] | 2 studies · 92 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Time‐to‐epithelialisation (days) · people with severe acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 92 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · people with severe acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 92 participants | Low |
Intervention NR **Visual acuity at final · people with moderate acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Corneal neovascularisation Number of quadrants affected · people with moderate acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.21, 1.48] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Symblepharon Presence of symblepharon · people with moderate acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.02, 9.48] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Time‐to‐epithelialisation (days) · people with moderate acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · people with moderate acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Failure of re‐epithelialisation by day 21 post‐injury Image analysis of digital photographs · people with severe acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.94, 1.12] | 2 studies · 92 participants | Low |
Intervention NR **Visual acuity at final · people with severe acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 92 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Corneal neovascularisation Number of quadrants or central cornea involved · people with severe acute ocular burns Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.66, 1.06] | 2 studies · 92 participants | Low |
Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy Change in BCVA amblyopic eye after 16 weeks logMAR (lower logMAR values indicate better visual acuity) · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Moderate |
Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy Change in BCVA amblyopic eye after 8 weeks logMAR (lower logMAR values indicate better visual acuity) · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Moderate |