Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

592 questions · 604 findings · 53 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 151 · 25%GRADE not reported 31 · 5.1%Very low 94 · 15.6%Low 170 · 28.1%Moderate 114 · 18.9%High 44 · 7.3%

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Overall survival · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Adverse events (moderate) · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

It is very uncertain whether surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) changes adverse events (moderate) compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Progression‐free survival · people with single or solitary brain metastasis

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT

Locoregional recurrence · women with breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) may leads to lower local and regional recurrence (LRR) compared with no PMRT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT

Overall survival (OS) · women with breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) probably leads to lower overall survival (OS) compared with no PMRT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) vs TACE alone

Mortality Number of deaths at maximum · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial… may leads to lower all‐cause mortality (at maximum 1‐year compared with TACE alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) vs TACE alone

Complete response plus partial response Length of · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial… may leads to higher complete response plus partial response Length of compared with TACE alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) vs TACE alone

Elevated alanine aminotransferase Length of · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial… changes elevated alanine aminotransferase Length of compared with TACE alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) vs TACE alone

Elevated total bilirubin Length of · participants with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) plus transarterial… changes elevated total bilirubin Length of compared with TACE alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment Outcome: neurocognitive impairment at 5‐ to 6‐year · people with glioma surviving at least two years

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes intervention: radiotherapy Comparison: no adjuvant treatment… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review