Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,640 questions · 2,709 findings · 446 reviews

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No studies found 593 · 21.9%GRADE not reported 241 · 8.9%Very low 538 · 19.9%Low 706 · 26.1%Moderate 516 · 19%High 115 · 4.2%

Curcuma longa vs placebo

Global symptoms of dyspepsia · patients with functional dyspepsia

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐Chinese herbal medicines for functional dyspepsia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 110 participants
Moderate

Long protocol vs short protocol

Ongoing pregnancy / live birth rate per woman · women undergoing pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction

Long protocol showed no clear difference in live birth or ongoing pregnancies per woman randomised compared with short protocol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist protocols for pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.3 [0.94, 1.81]
12 studies · 976 participants
Low

Long protocol vs short protocol

Clinical pregnancy rate · women undergoing pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction

Long protocol probably leads to higher clinical pregnancies per woman randomised compared with short protocol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist protocols for pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.5 [1.18, 1.9]
20 studies · 1643 participants
Moderate

Long protocol vs ultrashort protocol

Live birth or ongoing pregnancy · women undergoing pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction

Long protocol showed no clear difference in live birth and ongoing pregnancies per woman randomised compared with ultrashort protocol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist protocols for pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.78 [0.72, 4.36]
1 study · 150 participants
Low

Long protocol vs ultrashort protocol

Clinical pregnancy rate · women undergoing pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction

Long protocol showed no clear difference in clinical pregnancies per woman randomised compared with ultrashort protocol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist protocols for pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.56 [0.8, 3.06]
2 studies · 230 participants
Low

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.91 [0.78, 1.06]
13 studies · 20960 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 SAEs) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.02 [0.91, 1.15]
18 studies · 23183 participants
High

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Change in SGRQ total score · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in quality of life as measured by SGRQ total score change from baseline… compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 14437 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Change in baseline trough FEV1 · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… probably leads to higher trough FEV1 change from baseline compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.07 [0.05, 0.08]
12 studies · 14681 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Pneumonia · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… leads to lower pneumonia compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.61 [0.52, 0.72]
14 studies · 21829 participants
High

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

All‐cause death · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… probably leads to higher all‐cause death compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.35 [1.05, 1.75]
15 studies · 21510 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

SGRQ total score change from baseline (≥ 4 points, MCID) · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in SGRQ total score change from baseline (≥ 4 points, MCID) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting beta‐agonist (LABA) versus LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.06 [0.9, 1.25]
4 studies · 13614 participants
Moderate

Tobacco: Longer vs shorter cigarettes

Consumption · children and adults

1 finding from 1 review

Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
108 participants
Low

Tobacco: Longer vs shorter cigarettes

‐ Consumption among children · children and adults

1 finding from 1 review

Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Tobacco: Longer vs shorter cigarettes

‐ Consumption among adults · children and adults

1 finding from 1 review

Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
108 participants
Low

Tobacco: Longer vs shorter cigarettes

Selection with or without purchase · children and adults

1 finding from 1 review

Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Tobacco: Longer vs shorter cigarettes

‐ Selection with or without purchase among children · children and adults

1 finding from 1 review

Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Tobacco: Longer vs shorter cigarettes

‐ Selection with or without purchase among adults · children and adults

1 finding from 1 review

Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: colorectal cancer screening IVR, unidirectional ATCS versus usual care or letter at longer (9‐12 months) · participants at risk for breast, colorectal or cervical cancer; or osteoporosis

The intervention showed no clear difference in behavioural outcome: colorectal cancer screening IVR, unidirectional… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.05]
2 studies · 21335 participants
Moderate

Fatty acid supplementation vs placebo compared with improving child growth and development for

Attention · Breastfeeding mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) to breastfeeding mothers for improving child… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 110 participants
Low