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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,661 questions · 2,751 findings · 453 reviews

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No studies found 593 · 21.6%GRADE not reported 277 · 10.1%Very low 538 · 19.6%Low 712 · 25.9%Moderate 516 · 18.8%High 115 · 4.2%

Long protocol vs short protocol

Ongoing pregnancy / live birth rate per woman · women undergoing pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction

Long protocol showed no clear difference in live birth or ongoing pregnancies per woman randomised compared with short protocol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 SAEs) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Change in SGRQ total score · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in quality of life as measured by SGRQ total score change from baseline… compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Change in baseline trough FEV1 · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… probably leads to higher trough FEV1 change from baseline compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

All‐cause death · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… probably leads to higher all‐cause death compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

SGRQ total score change from baseline (≥ 4 points, MCID) · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in SGRQ total score change from baseline (≥ 4 points, MCID) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Longer follow-up vs Shorter follow-up

Annual increment in DMFS (D3) · Children and adolescents with permanent dentition

Not adjusted meta-regression beta was 0.43 per additional follow-up year.

5 findings from 1 review
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Not adjusted
    Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.43 [0.04, 0.83]
    22 studies · 11300 participants
    GRADE not reported
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for bitewings and age at baseline
    Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.64 [0.31, 0.96]
    22 studies · 11300 participants
    GRADE not reported
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for bitewings age at baseline and baseline caries experience
    Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.37 [0.04, 0.70]
    22 studies · 11300 participants
    GRADE not reported
Show 2 more findings
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for groups 1-4 including relevance of evidence and risk of bias
    Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.46 [0.08, 0.83]
    22 studies · 11300 participants
    GRADE not reported
  • Caries Progression Rates Revisited: A Systematic Review. 2019 All outcomes
    Per additional year of follow-up · Western or comparable populations · Adjusted for groups 1-3 including decade and preventive intervention
    Meta-regression beta per year of follow-up 0.36 [-0.02, 0.73]
    22 studies · 11300 participants
    GRADE not reported