Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

600 questions · 627 findings · 57 reviews

No studies found 131 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 91 · 14.5%Very low 167 · 26.6%Low 143 · 22.8%Moderate 76 · 12.1%High 19 · 3%

Targeted mass media intervention vs targeted mass media intervention plus personalised content

Intake meeting target from dietary guidelines, 3 months from baseline · adult, ethnic minority groups: Latino immigrants, elderly Chinese immigrants, self‐described Americans of African heritage

It is very uncertain whether targeted mass media intervention changes intake meeting target from dietary guidelines, 3 months from baseline compared with targeted mass media intervention plus personalised content (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted mass media intervention vs targeted mass media intervention plus personalised content

Changes in dietary composition, 12 months from baseline · adult, ethnic minority groups: Latino immigrants, elderly Chinese immigrants, self‐described Americans of African heritage
1 finding from 1 review

Post‐haemodialysis dietary supplement vs normal diet

Serum phosphorus · people with CKD‐MBD undergoing haemodialysis
2 findings from 1 review

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

GDM · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in GDM compared with standard care (mother) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Large‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in large‐for‐gestational age compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Neonatal hypoglycaemia · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in neonatal hypoglycaemia compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Z score BMI · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in childhood adiposity (latest time reported) (BMI z score) compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus
2 findings from 1 review

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre‐eclampsia) compared with standard care (mother) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review