Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Benzodiazepines + antipsychotics showed no clear difference in global state: no improvement ‐ lorazepam + risperidone vs lorazepam… compared with same enzodiazepines (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Global impression ‐ need for additional medication ‐ medium term Number of participants requiring additional medication · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Benzodiazepines + antipsychotics showed no clear difference in global state: need for additional medication ‐ + haloperidol ‐… compared with same enzodiazepines (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
Benzodiazepines + antipsychotics showed no clear difference in adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ + haloperidol ‐… compared with same enzodiazepines (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Satisfaction with treatment: from the perspective of consumer, family and informal carers or professionals/carers at any point during the acute management stage · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
1 finding from 1 review
Cost‐effectiveness · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation
1 finding from 1 review
Mental state · schizophrenia
1 finding from 1 review
Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (separated time points) ‐ > 1 year · schizophrenia
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics showed no clear difference in global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of… compared with no specific treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia
Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with no specific treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Level of functioning · schizophrenia
1 finding from 1 review
Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia
1 finding from 1 review
Recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with additional psychotropics (mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics or benzodiazepines) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine showed no clear difference in recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with… compared with lithium (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with additional psychotropics (mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics or benzodiazepines) · bipolar disorder
Lamotrigine probably leads to lower recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Typical antipsychotics vs placebo · critically ill adult with confirmed or at high risk of delirium
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo · critically ill adult with confirmed or at high risk of delirium
1 finding from 1 review
Success of withdrawal from antipsychotics · older people with dementia who had been taking an antipsychotic drug for at least 3 months
Discontinuation may leads to lower success of withdrawal from antipsychotics compared with continuation of antipsychotic medication (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Global state: 1. Requiring supplementary medication ‐ antipsychotics · patients with acute schizophrenia and similar serious mental illnesses
ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE showed no clear difference in global state: 1. Requiring supplementary medication ‐ antipsychotics compared with STANDARD DRUG CARE (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Global state: 1. Requiring supplementary medication ‐ antipsychotics · patients with acute schizophrenia and similar serious mental illnesses
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · delirious patients
Typical showed no clear difference in mortality compared with atypical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay · delirious patients
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · delirious patients
It is very uncertain whether typical changes adverse Effects ‐ EPS compared with atypical antipsychotics (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review