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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

401 questions · 403 findings · 75 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 79 · 19.6%GRADE not reported 18 · 4.5%Very low 91 · 22.6%Low 110 · 27.3%Moderate 79 · 19.6%High 26 · 6.5%

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Convalescent plasma vs placebo or usual care

Clinical improvement: participants discharged from hospital ‐ not reported · individuals with moderate to severe disease

Summary of findings table ‐ Convalescent plasma showed no clear difference in clinical improvement: participants discharged from hospital compared with placebo or standard care alone (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Complete or partial remission · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete or partial remission time frame: 3 to 6 months compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Complete or partial remission · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete or partial remission Time frame: 24 weeks to end of treatment compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone or inactive control

Cardiovascular mortality

Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) plus best supportive care probably leads to higher cardiovascular mortality ‐ up to 80 months Number of participants:… compared with best supportive care alone or inactive control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone or inactive control

All‐cause mortality ‐ up to 80 months Number of participants: 1355(2 RCTs)

Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) plus best supportive care showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ up to 80 months Number of participants: 1355(2… compared with best supportive care alone or inactive control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intervention vs steroid alone or plus levofloxacin

Proportion of participants who discontinued medication and did not develop rebound SEI within 21 days (higher is favored) · epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

It is very uncertain whether any intervention changes proportion of participants who discontinued medication and did not… compared with steroid alone or plus levofloxacin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery vs phacoemulsification alone

Proportion of participants who were medication‐free (not using eye drops) medium‐term · people with open‐angle glaucoma

Phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery probably leads to higher proportion of participants who were medication‐free (not using… compared with phacoemulsification alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery vs phacoemulsification alone

Proportion of participants who required further glaucoma surgery, including laser · people with open‐angle glaucoma

Phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery showed no clear difference in proportion of participants who required further glaucoma surgeryat… compared with phacoemulsification alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery vs phacoemulsification alone

Proportion of participants experiencing postoperative complicationsover 24 months (medium‐term) · people with open‐angle glaucoma

Phacoemulsification + supraciliary microstent surgery showed no clear difference in proportion of participants experiencing postoperative… compared with phacoemulsification alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review