Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,545 questions · 2,661 findings · 317 reviews

No studies found 608 · 22.8%GRADE not reported 505 · 19%Very low 695 · 26.1%Low 540 · 20.3%Moderate 249 · 9.4%High 64 · 2.4%

Herbal extracts (tea components; Chinese herbal mixture; freeze-dried black raspberry gel) vs placebo or no treatment

Clinical resolution (oral lesion not completely resolved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF 4, Clinical resolution (not completely resolved) at 3 to 6 months: '3 studies (freeze-dried black raspberry gel, green tea extract capsules, mixed tea) did not find evidence of benefit.' No GRADE. Effects text:…
    4 studies
    GRADE not reported

Herbal extracts (tea components; Chinese herbal mixture; freeze-dried black raspberry gel) vs placebo or no treatment

Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF 4 (Herbal extracts vs placebo), Cancer development: SoF cell 'Not measured'. Effects text: cancer development was among the outcomes in Tsao 2009 (green tea extract) but it was not possible to analyse the data…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Herbal extracts (tea components; Chinese herbal mixture; freeze-dried black raspberry gel) vs placebo or no treatment

Improvement of histological features (not improved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF 4, Histological changes (not improved) at 3 months: '2 studies (green tea extract capsules and freeze-dried raspberry gel) did not find evidence of benefit.' No GRADE. Effects text: Mallery raspberry RR 0.97…
    2 studies
    GRADE not reported

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs placebo

Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia

Combination of intraperitoneal lidocaine instillation and… may leads to lower number of women requiring rescue medication compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Protein vs standard diet

Gastrointestinal adverse events · patients (> 65 years) following hip fracture; patients with a recent stroke

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Protein changes side effects: at least one adverse gastrointestinal event compared with standard diet (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Gastrointestinal adverse events · long‐term care patients; inpatients without dehydration with energy intake by tube feeding; patients with pressure ulcers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients changes side effects: at least one adverse gastrointestinal event compared with standard diet (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Protein, arginine, zinc and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · residents of long‐term care (≥ 65 years) with pressure ulcers; inpatients with pressure ulcers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Protein, arginine, zinc and antioxidants changes side effects: at least one adverse gastrointestinal event compared with standard diet or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Arginine and micronutrients vs standard diet

Gastrointestinal adverse events · malnourished patients with pressure ulcers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Arginine and micronutrients changes side effects: at least one adverse gastrointestinal event compared with standard diet (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Collagen vs standard diet or placebo

Adverse effects/events: at least 1 adverse effect ‐ as defined by individual studies. · adults with pressure ulcers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Collagen changes side effects: at least one adverse event compared with standard diet or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Kappa‐opioid agonists vs placebo

Risk for at least one adverse drug reaction (ADR) per participant · patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) pruritus

Summary of findings table ‐ Kappa‐opioid agonists may leads to higher risk for at least one adverse drug reaction (ADR) per patient compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Ondansetron vs placebo

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) pruritus

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Ondansetron changes risk for at least one adverse event per patient compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Topical capsaicin vs placebo

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) pruritus

Summary of findings table ‐ Topical capsaicin may leads to higher risk for at least one adverse event per patient compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifampin/rifampicin vs placebo

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · participants with cholestatic pruritus (CP)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifampin/rifampicin changes risk for at least one adverse event per patient compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review