Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,192 questions · 1,243 findings · 151 reviews

No studies found 252 · 20.3%GRADE not reported 180 · 14.5%Very low 291 · 23.4%Low 282 · 22.7%Moderate 174 · 14%High 64 · 5.1%

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

QoL · People with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may leads to higher QOL‐C30 GHS/QOL (range 0‐100) ‐ change from baseline to week 15 compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single herb plus conventional intervention vs conventional intervention

Visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more Snellen lines · people with diabetic retinopathy

Single herb plus conventional intervention may leads to higher visual acuity (gain of ≥ 2 lines) (end of treatment) compared with conventional intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single herb plus conventional intervention vs conventional intervention

Observations in retina: reduction in haemorrhages · people with diabetic retinopathy

It is very uncertain whether single herb plus conventional intervention changes observations in retina: reduction in haemorrhages compared with conventional intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Adequate pain relief as reported by women · women with perineal pain following childbirth

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) may leads to higher adequate pain relief as reported by women compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Maternal drug adverse effects (sleepiness) · women with perineal pain following childbirth

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) showed no clear difference in maternal drug adverse effects (sleepiness) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation vs placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy

Time to bladder cancer recurrence (absolute effect size estimates based on recurrence rate at 12 months)

Single‐dose intravesical chemotherapy instillation may leads to lower time to bladder cancer recurrence (absolute effect size estimates… compared with placebo or observation after nephroureterectomy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review