What do systematic reviews say?

Stimulant laxatives vs bulk‐forming laxatives

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Stimulant laxatives vs bulk‐forming laxatives

• Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 2 participants
  GRADE not reported

Stimulant laxatives vs bulk‐forming laxatives

• Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 2 participants
  GRADE not reported

Stimulant laxatives vs bulk‐forming laxatives

Stimulant laxatives may leads to higher secondary outcome ‐ diarrhoea compared with bulk‐forming laxatives (low certainty).

• Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.5 [1.01, 20.09]
  1 study · 140 participants
  Low

Stimulant laxatives vs bulk‐forming laxatives

Stimulant laxatives showed no clear difference in secondary outcome ‐ women's satisfaction compared with bulk‐forming laxatives (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.77, 1.46]
  1 study · 140 participants
  Moderate

Fibre supplementation vs no intervention

• Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Moderate

Fibre supplementation vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Sildenafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Sildenafil citrate showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.8, 1.27]
  5 studies · 516 participants
  Moderate

Sildenafil vs IV nitroglycerin

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Sildenafil vs IV nitroglycerin

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Sildenafil vs IV nitroglycerin

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Sildenafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Sildenafil citrate showed no clear difference in fetal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.6, 1.12]
  5 studies · 516 participants
  Moderate

Sildenafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Sildenafil citrate showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.45 [0.9, 2.33]
  5 studies · 397 participants
  Moderate

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.6]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Low

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in fetal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.96]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Low

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.7]
  1 study · 83 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam

• Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low