Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

460 questions · 475 findings · 36 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 153 · 32.2%GRADE not reported 18 · 3.8%Very low 177 · 37.3%Low 86 · 18.1%Moderate 40 · 8.4%High 1 · 0.2%

Physical activity plus healthy lifestyle education interventions vs standard practice

Adverse events · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Physical activity plus healthy lifestyle education interventions vs standard practice

School achievement: Average achievement across subjects taught at school · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Low

Physical activity plus healthy lifestyle education interventions vs standard practice

School achievement: Mathematics · Children and adolescents with obesity or overweight

1 finding from 1 review

Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 384 participants
Very low

Video‐feedback intervention to promote positive parenting for parents with learning difficulties (VIPP‐LD) vs treatment

Parent‐child interaction · 85 parents (83 mothers and 2 fathers) with intellectual disabilities

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Video‐feedback intervention to promote positive parenting for parents with learning difficulties (VIPP‐LD) vs treatment

Parenting stress: child domain · 85 parents (83 mothers and 2 fathers) with intellectual disabilities

1 finding from 1 review

Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 85 participants
Moderate

Video‐feedback intervention to promote positive parenting for parents with learning difficulties (VIPP‐LD) vs treatment

Parenting stress: parent domain · 85 parents (83 mothers and 2 fathers) with intellectual disabilities

1 finding from 1 review

Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 85 participants
Moderate

Video‐feedback intervention to promote positive parenting for parents with learning difficulties (VIPP‐LD) vs treatment

Parental stress · 85 parents (83 mothers and 2 fathers) with intellectual disabilities

1 finding from 1 review

Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 85 participants
Moderate

'Driving whilst intoxicated' programme + incarceration vs incarceration alone

Reconviction (for drink‐driving) Assessed by: Cox regression of re‐arrest rates over 24 months Timing of assessment: 24 months · adults with antisocial personality disorder

It is very uncertain whether 'Driving whilst intoxicated' programme + incarceration changes reconviction (for drink‐driving) Assessed by: Cox regression of… compared with incarceration alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.56
1 study · 52 participants
Very low

Impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual vs usual care

Aggression: trait Assessed by: Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire ‐ Short Form (12 items rated on 5‐point Likert scale ranging from extremely uncharacteristic (1) to extremely characteristic (5); range = 12‐60; high score = poor outcome) Timing o... · adults with antisocial personality disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 118 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Spoken communication Measured by: Mullen Scale of Early Learning: Expressive Language Index (MSEL: log (base 2) transformed age equivalent scores) · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) vs treatment

Quality of life for the individual or their family and parent satisfaction · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: focused playtime intervention vs treatment

Quality of life for the individual or their family and parent satisfaction · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Communication interventions for autism spectrum disorder in minimally verbal children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

Relief of pain · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Different… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.63 [1.07, 2.47]
7 studies · 722 participants
Moderate
Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.94 [1.1, 3.43]
2 studies · 224 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Trauma‐related symptoms ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Psychological well‐being (secondary outcome) Not addressed · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 52 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Substance use ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parent relationship quality ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parental self‐harm ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parent–child relationship ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Parenting skills; postintervention · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress disorder… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found