Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

774 questions · 787 findings · 58 reviews · Anaesthesia

No studies found 123 · 15.6%GRADE not reported 179 · 22.7%Very low 192 · 24.4%Low 188 · 23.9%Moderate 72 · 9.1%High 33 · 4.2%

Epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Tumour progression or death from all causes Range of · patients undergoing primary tumour surgery

It is very uncertain whether epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia changes tumour progression or death from all causes Range of compared with general anaesthesia alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Tumour progression Median · patients undergoing primary tumour surgery

It is very uncertain whether epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia changes tumour progression Median compared with general anaesthesia alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regional anaesthesia vs conventional pain control

Persistent pain 3 to 12 months after breast cancer surgery (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between... · women with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery

Regional anaesthesia may leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 12 months after breast cancer surgery (We… compared with conventional pain control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Isopropyl alcohol vs usual care

Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Isopropyl alcohol vs Normal saline

Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Aromatherapy vs placebo

Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Peppermint vs placebo

Adverse events (common reactions to aromatherapy include skin rashes, dyspnoea, headache, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hypertension or dizziness) · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of pharmacological intervention vs control

Chest tightness · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

It is very uncertain whether adverse effects of pharmacological intervention changes chest tightness compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Thoracic epidural anaesthesia vs conventional pain control

Persistent pain 3 to 18 months after thoracotomy (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between 3 to 18 m... · Patients undergoing thoracotomy

Thoracic epidural anaesthesia probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 18 months after thoracotomy (We defined… compared with conventional pain control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Maintenance anaesthesia: inhalational vs intravenous

Nausea and vomiting ‐ subgroup analysis: thiopentone or halothane + N2O versus propofol or propofol + N2O · paediatric

Maintenance anaesthesia: inhalational may leads to higher nausea and vomiting ‐ subgroup analysis: thiopentone or halothane +… compared with intravenous (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Regional anaesthesia vs conventional pain control

Knee Society Score compared to preoperative value · people undergoing total knee replacement
2 findings from 1 review

Anaesthesia depth monitors (BIS) vs standard monitoring

Awareness: definite and possible Postoperative interview · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery

Anaesthesia depth monitors (BIS) showed no clear difference in awareness: definite and possible Postoperative interview compared with standard clinical and electronic monitoring (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anaesthesia depth monitors (BIS) vs standard monitoring

Awareness: definite Postoperative interview · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery

Anaesthesia depth monitors (BIS) showed no clear difference in awareness: definite Postoperative interview compared with standard clinical and electronic monitoring (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anaesthesia depth monitors (BIS) vs standard monitoring

Adverse effects of intraoperative wakefulness and/or postoperative awareness (i.e. post‐traumatic stress syndrome, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, etc.) · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Anaesthesia depth monitors (BIS and M‐entropy) vs standard monitoring

Awareness Postoperative interview · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery

Anaesthesia depth monitors (BIS and M‐entropy) showed no clear difference in awareness Postoperative interview compared with standard clinical and electronic monitoring (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anaesthesia depth monitors (BIS and M‐entropy) vs standard monitoring

Adverse effects of intraoperative wakefulness and/or postoperative awareness (i.e. post‐traumatic stress syndrome, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, etc.) · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Chest infections · patients with hip fracture

The intervention probably leads to lower chest infections (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review