Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,703 questions · 3,824 findings · 858 reviews

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No studies found 573 · 15%GRADE not reported 383 · 10%Very low 993 · 26%Low 1,062 · 27.8%Moderate 614 · 16.1%High 199 · 5.2%

Local anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Death within 30 days of operation · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Local anaesthesia showed no clear difference in death within 30 days of operation compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.61 [0.35, 1.06]
12 studies · 4421 participants
Low

Local anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Perioperative ipsilateral stroke (< 30 days) · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Local anaesthesia showed no clear difference in ipsilateral stroke within 30 days of operation compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.03 [0.71, 1.48]
2 studies · 3733 participants
Low

Local anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Perioperative death and strokes · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Local anaesthesia showed no clear difference in stroke or death within 30 days of operation compared with general anaesthesia (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.85 [0.62, 1.16]
11 studies · 4391 participants
Moderate

Local anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Local anaesthesia showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction within 30 days of operation compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.53 [0.67, 3.47]
12 studies · 4567 participants
Low

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic CPAP changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days compared with very early CPAP (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.27]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Death at any time (by 28 days) · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic CPAP changes death at any time (by 28 days) compared with very early CPAP (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.29, 1.94]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

Use of "rescue" medications and emergency action plans: B2 use puffs per day Duration of treatment: range 14 weeks to 24 weeks · treatment for asthma in adults and children with asthma and GORD

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological and surgical interventions for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in adults and children with… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 239 participants
Moderate

Continuous vs intermittent bolus (nasogastric and orogastric tube) milk feeding ‐ all preterm infants less than 1500 grams

Age at full enteral feedings (days) · preterm infants less than 1500 grams

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for preterm infants less than 1500 grams 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 628 participants
Low

Continuous vs intermittent bolus (nasogastric and orogastric tube) milk feeding ‐ all preterm infants less than 1500 grams

Feeding intolerance: number of days of feeding interruptions · preterm infants less than 1500 grams

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for preterm infants less than 1500 grams 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 171 participants
Very low

Continuous vs intermittent bolus (nasogastric and orogastric tube) milk feeding ‐ all preterm infants less than 1500 grams

Days to regain birth weight · preterm infants less than 1500 grams

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for preterm infants less than 1500 grams 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 610 participants
Low