Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,773 questions · 1,817 findings · 212 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 383 · 21.1%GRADE not reported 192 · 10.6%Very low 472 · 26%Low 444 · 24.4%Moderate 228 · 12.5%High 98 · 5.4%

Intervention not reported

Postoperative delirium (POD) within 7 days (As assessed by any method such as the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) in the first week after operation) · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations

The intervention probably leads to lower postoperative delirium (POD) within 7 days (As assessed by any… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) (As determined by any method of assessing POCD including a battery of neuropsychological tests according to the criteria described by the International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (ISPOCD)) · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations

The intervention showed no clear difference in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) (As determined by any… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Any postoperative complication · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations

The intervention probably leads to lower any postoperative complication (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

It is very uncertain whether ACEIs or ARBs changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

Risk of acute myocardial ischaemia · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

It is very uncertain whether ACEIs or ARBs changes risk of acute myocardial ischaemia compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review