Search review questions

Patient satisfaction: discomfort/pain (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch

Patient satisfaction: discomfort/pain (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch

Survival: mean survival time (lower arch, months) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch

Rate of orthodontic tooth movement with removable orthodontic aligners · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances · Full aligner treatment duration

Rate of orthodontic tooth movement during space closure stage (maxillary canine distalisation), mm/day · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment · Space closure (canine retraction)

White spot lesion clinical score (mean values), subject level · Healthy adolescents and adults undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed multi-bracket appliances · At debonding

Orthodontically-induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) during molar intrusion · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment

Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci colony count) · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances) · <=3 months (short-term)

Plaque-related index · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) during alignment stage (reduction in Little's Irregularity Index, mm) · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances · Full alignment stage (also 4-6 weeks; 10-16 weeks)

Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries) · 3 months, Follow-up: 3 months

Harms: non-serious adverse effects (headache, discomfort, loosening of temporary anchorage devices) · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances

Gingival Index (GI, Loe & Silness 1963) · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances) · <=3 months (short-term)

Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries) · Maximum reported time-point per study (range 1-18 months)

Stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch

Stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch

Duration of orthodontic treatment · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances

Total number of orthodontic appliance adjustment appointments during treatment · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances

Stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), impaired (qualitative synthesis) · Adolescents aged 10-19 years

Adverse effects on oral health: gingival bleeding (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch

Plaque-related index · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months

Stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch

Total bacteria (colony count) · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances) · <=3 months (short-term)

Plaque accumulation (Plaque Index) · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries) · 12 months, Follow-up: 12 months

Adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch

Harms and side effects arising during treatment · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment

Gingival inflammation-related index · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months

Duration of orthodontic treatment: alignment stage (mandibular arch) · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment · Alignment stage

Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · Orthodontic patients · ≤ 3 months

Adverse effects on oral health: caries (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment · 12 months, lower arch

Lightness change · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition · 6 months

Color change · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition · 6 months

Color change · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition · 6 months

Color change · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition · 6 months

Lightness/brightness change of white spot lesion (luminosity L*, T0 to T1) · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions (permanent dentition, after removal of fixed multibracket… · 6 months

Lightness change · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition · 6 months

Color change of white spot lesion (color difference, T0 to T1) · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions (permanent dentition, after removal of fixed multibracket… · 6 months

Lightness change · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition · 6 months

Color change · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition · 6 months

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances · 1-24 months follow-up, Glass ionomer-based bonding agent

Stability of crossbite correction (relapse of canine expansion) · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or… · 24 weeks after completion of expansion

Root resorption of the impacted canine or adjacent incisors and first premolars · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)

Canine expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or… · post-treatment 3 weeks

Size of the lower jaw (arch length) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth · 6 months

Size of the lower jaw (mandibular arch length, change) at 9 months · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth · 9 months

Incidence of eruption of the PDC into the mouth · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC) · 48 months (maximum; mITT)

Amount of crowding (change) up to 37 weeks · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth · up to 37 weeks

Plaque index (PI) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment · 6 to 12 weeks, Adults

Time to alignment (days) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth · alignment