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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment 1 vs psychological treatment 2 Depression remission ‐ short term (end of treatment) · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.81 [0.73, 4.5] | 1 study · 83 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment 1 vs psychological treatment 2 All‐cause mortality ‐ short term (end of treatment) ‐ not reported · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment 1 vs psychological treatment 2 Cardiovascular mortality ‐ short term (end of treatment) ‐ not reported · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Coenzyme Q10 vs placebo or conventional therapy All‐cause mortality · people with heart failure Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.35, 0.95] | 1 study · 420 participants | Moderate |
Coenzyme Q10 vs placebo or conventional therapy Myocardial infarction · people with heart failure Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.27, 9.59] | 1 study · 420 participants | Low |
Coenzyme Q10 vs placebo or conventional therapy Stroke · people with heart failure Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.18 [0.02, 1.48] | 1 study · 420 participants | Low |
Coenzyme Q10 vs placebo or conventional therapy Hospitalisation for heart failure · people with heart failure Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.49, 0.78] | 2 studies · 1061 participants | Moderate |
Coenzyme Q10 vs placebo or conventional therapy Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) · people with heart failure Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 650 participants | Very low |
Coenzyme Q10 vs placebo or conventional therapy Exercise capacity( · people with heart failure Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 91 participants | Very low |
Coenzyme Q10 vs placebo or conventional therapy Adverse events · people with heart failure Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.45, 1.1] | 2 studies · 568 participants | Low |
Exercise vs no exercise All‐cause mortality · adults after heart valve surgery Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.26, 2.68] | 2 studies · 131 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise Cardiovascular mortality · adults after heart valve surgery Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs no exercise All‐cause hospitalisation · adults after heart valve surgery Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.72 [0.11, 65.56] | 1 study · 122 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise HRQoL (SF‐12/36 mental component) at end of intervention · adults after heart valve surgery Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 150 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise HRQoL (SF‐12/36 physical component) at end of intervention · adults after heart valve surgery Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 150 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise HRQoL (SF‐12/36 mental component) at maximum · adults after heart valve surgery Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 139 participants | Very low |
Exercise vs no exercise HRQoL (SF‐12/36 physical component) at maximum · adults after heart valve surgery Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 139 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality at maximum · patients without heart failure Beta‐blockers in patients without heart failure after myocardial infarction (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.73, 0.9] | 21 studies · 22085 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular mortality or non‐fatal myocardial infarction) at maximum · patients without heart failure Beta‐blockers in patients without heart failure after myocardial infarction (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.62, 0.83] | 15 studies · 14994 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events at maximum · patients without heart failure Beta‐blockers in patients without heart failure after myocardial infarction (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · patients without heart failure Beta‐blockers in patients without heart failure after myocardial infarction (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Angina pectoris at maximum · patients without heart failure Beta‐blockers in patients without heart failure after myocardial infarction (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.95, 1.13] | 5 studies · 7715 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cardiovascular mortality at maximum · patients without heart failure Beta‐blockers in patients without heart failure after myocardial infarction (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.61, 0.88] | 19 studies · 21763 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Myocardial infarction at maximum · patients without heart failure Beta‐blockers in patients without heart failure after myocardial infarction (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.67, 0.86] | 19 studies · 19606 participants | Moderate |
Mobile phone interventions vs usual care Objective measure of medication adherence: Cholesterol (low‐density lipoprotein) · people prescribed medication for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease Mobile phone‐based interventions for improving adherence to medication prescribed for the primary prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 5441 participants | Low |
Mobile phone interventions vs usual care Objective measure of medication adherence: Blood pressure · people prescribed medication for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease Mobile phone‐based interventions for improving adherence to medication prescribed for the primary prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 25166 participants | Low |
Mobile phone interventions vs usual care Combined CVD events · people prescribed medication for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease Mobile phone‐based interventions for improving adherence to medication prescribed for the primary prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 12439 participants | Very low |
Mobile phone interventions vs usual care Adverse events · people prescribed medication for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease Mobile phone‐based interventions for improving adherence to medication prescribed for the primary prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 8285 participants | Moderate |
Mobile phone interventions vs usual care Cognitive outcome: satisfaction with treatment · people prescribed medication for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease Mobile phone‐based interventions for improving adherence to medication prescribed for the primary prevention… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2535 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no treatment Cardiovascular mortality (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.62, 0.99] | 3 studies · 1046 participants | Low |
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) vs placebo or no treatment Quality of life (MLHFQ): from 0 to 105 · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 511 participants | Low |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) vs placebo or no treatment Cardiovascular mortality (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.61, 1.42] | 2 studies · 945 participants | Moderate |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) vs placebo or no treatment Heart failure hospitalisation (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.64, 1.15] | 3 studies · 1019 participants | Moderate |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) vs placebo or no treatment Hyperkalaemia · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 74 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.75, 1.45] | 5 studies · 1187 participants | Moderate |
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) vs placebo or no treatment Quality of life (MLHFQ): from 0 to 105 · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 154 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment Cardiovascular mortality (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.9, 1.14] | 3 studies · 7254 participants | High |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment Heart failure hospitalisation (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.83, 1.02] | 3 studies · 7254 participants | High |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment Hyperkalaemia · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.88 [1.07, 3.33] | 2 studies · 7148 participants | High |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.92, 1.11] | 4 studies · 7964 participants | High |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no treatment Heart failure hospitalisation (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.47, 1.13] | 4 studies · 449 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment Quality of life (MLHFQ): from 0 to 105 · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3117 participants | High |
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care Cardiovascular mortality (RR) Median · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.79, 1.15] | 1 study · 4796 participants | Moderate |
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care Heart failure hospitalisation, first (RR) Range of · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.8, 1] | 2 studies · 7362 participants | Moderate |
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care Hyperkalaemia Range of · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.77, 1.01] | 2 studies · 5054 participants | Moderate |
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care All‐cause mortality (RR) Range of · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 | 3 studies · 7663 participants | High |
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) vs usual care Quality of life Range of · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 118 participants | High |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no treatment Hyperkalaemia · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 245 participants | Very low |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause mortality (RR) · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.67, 1] | 4 studies · 1105 participants | Low |
Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no treatment Quality of life (MLHFQ): from 0 to 105 · patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Beta‐blockers and inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system for chronic heart failure with… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 93 participants | Very low |