What do systematic reviews say?

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Alkaline phosphatase: WMD -27.35 (95% CI -50.69 to -4.01), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.

• Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
  WMD -27.35 [-50.69, -4.01]
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Parathyroidectomy: RR 0.82 (95% CI 0.05 to 12.47), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

• Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
  RR 0.82 [0.05, 12.47]
  2 studies · 233 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Alkaline phosphatase: WMD -21.81 (95% CI -40.39 to 3.22), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

• Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
  WMD -21.81 [-40.39, 3.22]
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of hyperphosphataemia: RR 1.58 (95% CI 0.47 to 5.30), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

• Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
  RR 1.58 [0.47, 5.30]
  2 studies · 245 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin D compounds (supplementation) vs placebo or control

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone pain: RR 0.29 (95% CI 0.03 to 2.63), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.

• Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
  RR 0.29 [0.03, 2.63]
  4 studies · 109 participants
  GRADE not reported

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines

It is very uncertain whether high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day… changes caries presence in primary teeth compared with low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in… (very low certainty).

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Children assessed at 6 yrs
  RR 0.99 [0.70, 1.41]
  1 study · 496 participants
  Very low

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  dmft was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison).
  0 studies
  No studies found
• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  dmfs was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention led to lower serum vitamin D (25(OH)D): ECC vs caries-free; GRADE not reported.

• The Association Between Vitamin D and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes

  Case-control studies (Fig 3)
  Mean difference -18.82 [-20.30, -17.33]
  6 studies
  GRADE not reported

Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable

The review reported a pooled prenatal vitamin D deficiency prevalence of 32%.

• Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Pregnancy · Mostly developed countries (Europe and America) · Overall
  Proportion 0.32
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The intervention led to lower serum vitamin D (25(OH)D): ECC vs caries-free; GRADE not reported.

• The Association Between Vitamin D and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes

  Region: Asia (Fig 4)
  Mean difference -14.14 [-15.37, -12.90]
  5 studies
  GRADE not reported

Severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

In Asia, children with S-ECC had lower serum 25(OH)D than caries-free children (WMD -19.25 nmol/l; ungraded).

• The Association Between Vitamin D and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes

  Asia
  MD -19.25 [-20.75, -17.76]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The intervention led to lower serum vitamin D (25(OH)D): ECC vs caries-free; GRADE not reported.

• The Association Between Vitamin D and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes

  Region: North America (Fig 4)
  Mean difference -13.10 [-16.97, -9.23]
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The intervention led to lower serum vitamin D (25(OH)D): ECC vs caries-free; GRADE not reported.

• The Association Between Vitamin D and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes

  Cross-sectional studies (Fig 3)
  Mean difference -6.10 [-8.02, -4.19]
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

In North America, children with S-ECC had lower serum 25(OH)D than caries-free children (WMD -13.28 nmol/l; ungraded).

• The Association Between Vitamin D and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes

  North America
  MD -13.28 [-17.70, -8.87]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Severe early childhood caries vs Caries-free controls

Children with severe ECC had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D than caries-free children (WMD -18.64 nmol/l; ungraded).

• The Association Between Vitamin D and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes
  MD -18.64 [-20.06, -17.22]
  7 studies · 1658 participants
  GRADE not reported

Children with early childhood caries (ECC) vs Caries-free controls

Preschool children with ECC had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D than caries-free children (WMD -13.96 nmol/l; ungraded).

• The Association Between Vitamin D and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2024 All outcomes
  MD -13.96 [-19.88, -8.03]
  9 studies · 3444 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency with dental caries in infants and children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Meta-regression adjusted estimate
  Proportion 0.38 [0.30, 0.46]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

TT genotype vs TC+CC genotypes

In the PCR-RFLP genotyping subgroup, TaqI(rs731236) recessive model: TT vs TC+CC showed no significant association with caries (OR 1.49); ungraded.

• Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with caries risk in children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Recessive model (TT vs TC+CC) · Children under 18 years; case-control and cross-sectional studies (China, Czech Republic, Turkey, Brazil, India) · PCR-RFLP genotyping
  OR 1.49 [0.97, 2.27]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported
• Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with caries risk in children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Recessive model (TT vs TC+CC) · Children under 18 years; case-control and cross-sectional studies (China, Czech Republic, Turkey, Brazil, India) · Permanent dentition
  OR 1.36 [0.89, 2.08]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported
• Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with caries risk in children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Recessive model (TT vs TC+CC) · Children under 18 years; case-control and cross-sectional studies (China, Czech Republic, Turkey, Brazil, India) · Caucasian ethnicity
  OR 1.05 [0.56, 1.98]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

TT+TC genotypes vs CC genotype

In the Caucasian ethnicity subgroup, TaqI(rs731236) dominant model: TT+TC vs CC showed no significant association with caries (OR 0.84); ungraded.

• Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with caries risk in children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Dominant model (TT+TC vs CC) · Children under 18 years; case-control and cross-sectional studies (China, Czech Republic, Turkey, Brazil, India) · Caucasian ethnicity
  OR 0.84 [0.50, 1.39]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported
• Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with caries risk in children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Dominant model (TT+TC vs CC) · Children under 18 years; case-control and cross-sectional studies (China, Czech Republic, Turkey, Brazil, India) · Primary dentition
  OR 1.25 [0.08, 20.04]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported
• Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with caries risk in children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Dominant model (TT+TC vs CC) · Children under 18 years; case-control and cross-sectional studies (China, Czech Republic, Turkey, Brazil, India) · PCR-RFLP genotyping
  OR 0.70 [0.47, 1.05]
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

TT genotype vs TG+GG genotypes

TaqI/BglI(rs739837) recessive model: TT vs TG+GG was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 0.93); ungraded.

• Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with caries risk in children: a systematic review and… 2024 All outcomes

  Recessive model (TT vs TG+GG) · Children under 18 years; case-control and cross-sectional studies (China, Czech Republic, Turkey, Brazil, India)
  OR 0.93 [0.68, 1.29]
  3 studies · 796 participants
  GRADE not reported