What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: Compensative interventions vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Substitutive interventions changes functional ability in activities of daily living (Barthel Index)… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 39 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions vs control

Summary of findings: Substitutive interventions showed no clear difference in reading ability compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 2.8
  1 study · 45 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Compensative interventions vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for visual field defects in people with stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 648 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 416 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 76 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions showed no clear difference in falls during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.23, 2.53]
  3 studies · 542 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions changes medical deterioration during hospitalisation compared with usual care with or without sham interventions (very low certainty).

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.56 [0.48, 13.54]
  2 studies · 200 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Structured exercise interventions vs usual care with or without sham interventions

• Exercise for acutely hospitalised older medical patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings: psychological interventions probably leads to higher adherence to inhaled therapies: % of prescribed inhaled therapies… compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 9.5 [8.6, 10.4]
  1 study · 588 participants
  Moderate

Psychological interventions vs active comparators

• Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 95 participants
  Very low

Psychological interventions vs active comparators

• Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 125 participants
  Very low

Psychological interventions vs active comparators

• Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 128 participants
  Very low

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings: psychological interventions showed no clear difference in treatment‐related adverse events Anxiety: GAD‐7 (Spitzer 2006) compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.3
  1 study · 535 participants
  Low

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings: psychological interventions showed no clear difference in treatment‐related adverse events Depression PHQ‐8 (Kroenke 2009) compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 534 participants
  Low

Psychological interventions vs usual care

Summary of findings: psychological interventions may leads to higher qoL CFQ‐R (Quittner 2009) compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 3.9 [1.2, 6.6]
  1 study · 539 participants
  Low