Death · people with acute stroke
0.9% saline showed no clear difference in death compared with other fluid (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia · people with acute stroke
It is very uncertain whether 0.9% saline changes pneumonia compared with other fluid (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pulmonary oedema · people with acute stroke
0.9% saline probably leads to lower pulmonary oedema compared with other fluid (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of ICU stay · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU
Saline rinse showed no clear difference in duration of ICU stay compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of mechanical ventilation · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU
Saline rinse showed no clear difference in duration of mechanical ventilation compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of VAP · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU
Saline rinse led to lower incidence of VAP compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU
Saline rinse showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Mean days to wellness Patient reports · patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections
1 finding from 1 review
Antibiotic usage Patient‐reported usage · patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections
It is very uncertain whether normal saline plus standard treatment changes antibiotic usage Patient‐reported usage compared with standard treatment alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Sore throat · patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections
1 finding from 1 review
Manual removal of the placenta · management of retained placenta
Saline solution showed no clear difference in manual removal of the placenta compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal death · management of retained placenta
1 finding from 1 review
Severe PPH (≥ 1000 mL) · management of retained placenta
It is very uncertain whether saline solution changes severe PPH (≥ 1000 mL) compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Blood transfusion · management of retained placenta
It is very uncertain whether saline solution changes blood transfusion compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Addition of therapeutic uterotonics · management of retained placenta
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Need for antibiotics · management of retained placenta
It is very uncertain whether saline solution changes need for treatment with antibiotics (infection) compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal postpartum anaemia (haemoglobin 24–48 hours postpartum) · management of retained placenta
1 finding from 1 review
Individual symptom scores ‐ not measured · allergic rhinitis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects ‐ epistaxis · allergic rhinitis
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life (4 weeks to 6 months) · allergic rhinitis
1 finding from 1 review