Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

441 questions · 461 findings · 48 reviews

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No studies found 76 · 16.5%GRADE not reported 94 · 20.4%Very low 82 · 17.8%Low 119 · 25.8%Moderate 73 · 15.8%High 17 · 3.7%

Other calcium antagonists vs placebo

Systolic blood pressure · people with acute ischemic stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium antagonists for acute ischemic stroke 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Life (calcium hydroxide pulp-capping material) vs Dycal (calcium hydroxide pulp-capping material)

Clinical symptoms at 12 months · Adults (aged 20 to 60 years, mean 27) with deep carious lesions in permanent teeth (indirect or direct pulp capping, or complete caries…

3 findings from 1 review

Pulp management for caries in adults: maintaining pulp vitality 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · Complete caries removal
Analysis 2.2 (clinical symptoms at 12 months following complete caries removal, Life vs Dycal). Fitzgerald 1991: 151 teeth in 55 patients (analysis at tooth level, not patient level); substantial attrition (11 teeth…
1 study · 151 participants
GRADE not reported
Pulp management for caries in adults: maintaining pulp vitality 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · Indirect pulp capping
Analysis 2.1 (clinical symptoms at 12 months following indirect pulp capping, Life vs Dycal). Fitzgerald 1991: 151 teeth in 55 patients (analysis at tooth level, not patient level); substantial attrition (11 teeth lost…
1 study · 151 participants
GRADE not reported
Pulp management for caries in adults: maintaining pulp vitality 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months · Direct pulp capping
Analysis 2.3 (clinical symptoms at 12 months following direct pulp capping, Life vs Dycal). Fitzgerald 1991: 151 teeth in 55 patients (analysis at tooth level, not patient level); substantial attrition (11 teeth lost…
1 study · 151 participants
GRADE not reported

Calcium hydroxide + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Calcium hydroxide + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) showed no clear difference in clinical failure compared with calcium hydroxide (CH); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.88]
1 study · 62 participants
GRADE not reported

Calcium hydroxide + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Calcium hydroxide + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) showed no clear difference in radiological failure compared with calcium hydroxide (CH); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
RR 0.63 [0.23, 1.70]
1 study · 62 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals changes gestational diabetes compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.1, 1.73]
1 study · 1298 participants
Very low

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Maternal adverse event: hypercalcaemia · pregnant women and their infants..

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1298 participants
Very low

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Adverse events ‐ Hypercalciuria · pregnant women and their infants..

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1298 participants
Very low

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.68, 1.59]
1 study · 1298 participants
Low

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Low birthweight · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.82, 1.51]
1 study · 1298 participants
Low

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) + calcium hydroxide vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Clinical failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 and 12 months
No clinical failure in any participant (Fernandes 2015); not estimable
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) + calcium hydroxide vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Radiological failure · Children with extensive decay involving the dental pulp in primary teeth

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) + calcium hydroxide showed no clear difference in radiological failure compared with calcium hydroxide (CH); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
RR 0.50 [0.15, 1.64]
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs control

Systolic blood pressure · People who may be at risk for primary hypertension

2 findings from 1 review

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 3140 participants
High
Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 452 participants
Moderate

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs control

Diastolic blood pressure · People who may be at risk for primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 3039 participants
High

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs control

Systolic blood pressure. Dose less than 1000 mg a day (range of · People who may be at risk for primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 302 participants
Moderate

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs control

Systolic blood pressure. Dose between 1000 mg a day and less than 1500 mg a day · People who may be at risk for primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 2488 participants
High

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs control

Systolic blood pressure. Dose 1500 mg a day or more (range of · People who may be at risk for primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 350 participants
Moderate

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs control

Systolic blood pressure. 35 years or older (range of · People who may be at risk for primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 2688 participants
High

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs control

Secondary outcome: all adverse events · People who may be at risk for primary hypertension

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers vs placebo or control

Predialysis systolic blood pressure · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 39 participants
Low