Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

170 questions · 173 findings · 19 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 20 · 11.6%GRADE not reported 43 · 24.9%Very low 46 · 26.6%Low 40 · 23.1%Moderate 14 · 8.1%High 10 · 5.8%

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment

Infection rate at 2 weeks postpartum ‐ perineal wound infection in third‐ or fourth‐degree tear · Women with third‐ and fourth‐degree perineal tear during vaginal birth

Antibiotic prophylaxis probably leads to lower infection rate at 2 weeks postpartum ‐ perineal wound infection in… compared with no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment

Infection rate at 6 weeks postpartum ‐ perineal wound infection in third‐ or fourth‐degree tear · Women with third‐ and fourth‐degree perineal tear during vaginal birth

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in infection rate at 6 weeks postpartum ‐ perineal wound infection in… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes · women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy before labour and delivery

Prophylactic antibiotics showed no clear difference in preterm prelabour rupture of membranes compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo

Puerperal sepsis/postpartum endometritis · women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy before labour and delivery

Prophylactic antibiotics probably leads to lower puerperal sepsis/postpartum endometritis compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment or placebo

Wound infection (episiotomy dehiscence) · Women who had normal vaginal births

It is very uncertain whether routine antibiotic prophylaxis changes wound infection (episiotomy dehiscence) compared with no treatment or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Maternal composite morbidity · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… leads to lower maternal composite morbidity compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Endomyometritis · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… leads to lower maternal endomyometritis compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Wound infection · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… leads to lower maternal wound Infection compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Maternal UTI/cystitis/pyelonephritis · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in maternal UTI/cystitis/pyelonephritis compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review