Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

190 questions · 193 findings · 51 reviews

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No studies found 34 · 17.6%GRADE not reported 23 · 11.9%Very low 45 · 23.3%Low 54 · 28%Moderate 34 · 17.6%High 3 · 1.6%

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Sepsis diagnosed after randomisation: range 28 d to 60 d · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in sepsis: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.26, 2.86]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.82 [0.84, 9.46]
1 study · 64 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.11]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.36 [0.04, 3.24]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [0.24, 7.57]
1 study · 61 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Presence of PIVKA II at day 25: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 25: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.06, 14.6]
1 study · 53 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.16, 7.1]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.2, 3.27]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Sepsis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in sepsis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.26, 2.86]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K

Mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.13 [0.6, 7.51]
1 study · 65 participants
Low

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.13, 3.96]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.07 [0.41, 10.43]
1 study · 57 participants
Low

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Presence of PIVKA II at day 25 ‐ 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 25 ‐ 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.07, 15.74]
1 study · 51 participants
Low

Summary of findings for AMBMT + PR vs PR

Dyspnoea ‐ CRQ dyspnoea Scale 1 to 7. Higher is better and 0.5 units is a clinically important difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for people with… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 80 participants
Very low

Summary of findings for AMBMT vs PR

Change in dyspnoea score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Active mind‐body movement therapies as an adjunct to or in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation for people with… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Very low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs RISPERIDONE

Mental state · schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Treatment 3: topical levofloxacin 0.5% · participants undergoing cataract surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative antibiotics for prevention of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16603 participants
Moderate

Earplugs with instruction vs without instruction (noise exposure)

Mean noise attenuation over 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 kHz (dB) Immediate · workers exposed to noise

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent occupational noise‐induced hearing loss 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 140 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Eyes within ± 0.5 D of target refraction · participants aged 18‐60 years with myopia ranging in severity up to 12 diopters (D)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes eyes within ± 0.5 D of target refraction (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correcting… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.48, 0.99]
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Failure to achieve peak levels of at least 5 microgram/ml (measured 0.5 to one hour after administration of any dose of gentamicin) · neonates with suspected or proven sepsis

The intervention probably leads to lower failure to achieve peak levels of at least 5 microgram/ml (measured… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.22 [0.11, 0.47]
9 studies · 422 participants
Moderate