Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,763 questions · 1,835 findings · 201 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 414 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 51 · 2.8%Very low 570 · 31.1%Low 468 · 25.5%Moderate 272 · 14.8%High 60 · 3.3%

NMES vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Exercise capacity · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 72 participants
Low

NMES vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Symptoms of dyspnoea · COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 55 participants
Very low

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

Change in exercise tolerance · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 148 participants
Very low

Tricylic antidepressant vs placebo

Change in exercise tolerance · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Exercise vs usual care · Pregnant women who smoke

The intervention showed no clear difference in exercise vs usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.72, 2.01]
1 study · 785 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Exercise capacity 6MWD · people with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the treatment of anxiety disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 268 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Breathlessness ‐ subgroup analysis ‐ studies measuring during exercise test Lower score indicates improvement in breathlessness · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not qualify for home oxygen therapy

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygen for breathlessness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not qualify for home oxygen… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
30 studies · 591 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Breathlessness ‐ subgroup analysis ‐ studies not measuring during exercise test Lower score indicates improvement in breathlessness · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not qualify for home oxygen therapy

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygen for breathlessness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not qualify for home oxygen… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 274 participants
Low

Subintimal angioplasty with stenting vs remote endarterectomy

Clinical improvement: ABI improvement Significant postexercise ABI improvement · 95 people with Rutherford 3 to 5 TASC‐II D lesions

Subintimal angioplasty with stenting showed no clear difference in clinical improvement: ABI improvement Significant postexercise ABI… compared with remote endarterectomy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subintimal angioplasty for lower limb arterial chronic total occlusions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.68, 1.08]
1 study · 95 participants
Low

NMES vs control

Exercise performance ‐ walking distance 6MWT, ISWT, ESWT · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 788 participants
Very low

NMES vs control

Change in peak oxygen uptake Cardiopulmonary exercise test · adults with advanced disease for muscle weakness

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle weakness in adults with advanced disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 109 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Exercise tolerance: 6MWT5 ‐ total distance · adults with refractory breathlessness

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Exercise tolerance: 6MWT5‐ change from baseline · adults with refractory breathlessness

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 26 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Change in Exercise Capacity (6MWD) · Adults (>18 years) with pulmonary hypertension of varied aetiology (PAH, CTEPH and left heart disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Guanylate cyclase stimulators for pulmonary hypertension 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 398 participants
Very low

Transmyocardial laser revascularization vs medical treatment

Exercise tolerance Minutes · patients with refractory angina

1 finding from 1 review

Transmyocardial laser revascularization versus medical therapy for refractory angina 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 129 participants
Moderate

Rehabilitation interventions vs usual care

Change in incremental shuttle walk distance · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 694 participants
Moderate

Rehabilitation interventions vs usual care

Change from baseline in 6MWT (metres) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
38 studies · 1879 participants
Very low

Rehabilitation interventions vs usual care

Exercise capacity · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 779 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Exercise capacity · patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to systemic scleroderma.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
67 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Exercise capacity (5‐ or 6‐minute walking distance on cylinder air) · adults with COPD who had exertional dyspnoea but did not fulfil the criteria for long‐term oxygen treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Ambulatory oxygen for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are not hypoxaemic at rest 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 331 participants
GRADE not reported