Cochrane · systematic review · CD011008
Opioids for the palliation of refractory breathlessness in adults with advanced disease and terminal illness
Barnes, H, McDonald, J, Smallwood, N, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2016 · Cochrane Library
Pain, Palliative and Supportive CareAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
10
current version
GRADE rated
10
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 9 · 90%Low 1 · 10%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Comparison
Population: adults with refractory breathlessness
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Breathlessness: change from baseline1 | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 194 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Breathlessness: post‐treatment score1 | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 338 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Exercise tolerance: 6MWT5 ‐ total distance | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Exercise tolerance: 6MWT5‐ change from baseline | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 26 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse events: constipation | RR 3 [1.63, 5.51] | 9 studies · 162 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse events: nausea and vomiting | RR 4.73 [1.73, 12.97] | 7 studies · 104 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse events: drowsiness | RR 2.86 [1.17, 7.02] | 9 studies · 156 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Quality of life7 | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Comparison
Population: adults with refractory breathlessness
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Breathlessness: post‐treatment score1 | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Comparison
Population: adults with refractory breathlessness
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Breathlessness: post‐treatment score1 | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 7 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |