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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.
75,239 questions in 5,342 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 20.2%Ungraded 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Surgery alone vs pharmacological therapy alone All‐cause mortality · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgery alone vs pharmacological therapy alone Surgery for recurrent or persistent disease · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgery alone vs pharmacological therapy alone Non‐surgical therapy for recurrent or persistent disease · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgery alone vs pharmacological therapy alone Health‐related quality of life Mean AcroQoL score (0‐100) · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting… (2024) · Cochrane | MD 10 | 1 study · 22 participants | Low |
Surgery alone vs preoperative pharmacological therapy and surgery Disease‐related complications Intubation difficulties requiring postponement of surgery · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.19, 21.34] | 1 study · 98 participants | Very low |
Surgery alone vs preoperative pharmacological therapy and surgery Disease recurrence · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Ungraded |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo Frequency of pain crisis · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.64, 2.18] | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Zinc vs placebo QoL of participants living with SCD and their caregivers · children and adults with sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Zinc vs placebo Adverse effects · children and adults with sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Zinc vs placebo Frequency of hospitalization · children and adults with sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Zinc vs placebo Frequency of sickle cell‐related complications: number of participants with completely healed leg ulcer ( · children and adults with sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.6, 6.72] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Zinc vs placebo Haemoglobin status (g/dL) · children and adults with sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | MD 1.26 [0.44, 1.26] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
N‐acetylcysteine (1200 mg) vs placebo Frequency of crisis (number of pain days) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.99 [0.53, 1.84] | 1 study · 96 participants | Low |
N‐acetylcysteine (1200 mg) vs placebo Severity of pain (maximum pain intensity on pain days) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.17 | 1 study · 96 participants | Low |
N‐acetylcysteine (1200 mg) vs placebo QoL of participants living with SCD and their caregivers (measured using SF‐36 scale) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Very low |
N‐acetylcysteine (1200 mg) vs placebo Adverse effects · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.75, 1.14] | 1 study · 96 participants | Low |
N‐acetylcysteine (1200 mg) vs placebo Frequency of hospitalization · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | rate ratio 0.98 | 1 study · 96 participants | Low |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo Severity of pain (use of opioid analgesics) · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.4, 4.37] | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
N‐acetylcysteine (1200 mg) vs placebo Frequency of sickle cell‐related complications (acute chest syndrome) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 5 [0.25, 101.48] | 1 study · 96 participants | Very low |
N‐acetylcysteine (1200 mg) vs placebo Haemoglobin status · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Low |
L‐arginine vs placebo Frequency of crisis (monthly crisis) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.26, 1.95] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
L‐arginine vs placebo Severity of pain (assessed using a 10‐cm visual analogue scale from 0 to 10; lower score is better) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 125 participants | Low |
L‐arginine vs placebo QoL of participants living with SCD and their caregivers · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
L‐arginine vs placebo Adverse effects · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 125 participants | Ungraded |
L‐arginine vs placebo Frequency of hospitalization (number of days in hospital) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 125 participants | Very low |
L‐arginine vs placebo Frequency of sickle cell‐related complications · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
L‐arginine vs placebo Haemoglobin status (g/dL) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.4 | 2 studies · 106 participants | Low |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Frequency of crisis · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo QoL of participants living with SCD and their caregivers · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Severity of pain · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 vs placebo QoL of participants living with SCD and their caregivers · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Adverse effects (any adverse effect) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.74, 1.48] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Frequency of hospitalization · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Frequency of sickle cell‐related complications · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Haemoglobin status · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.36 | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo Adverse effects · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.31, 1] | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo Frequency of hospitalization · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo Frequency of sickle cell‐related complications: acute chest syndrome · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.66 | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo Haemoglobin status (g/L) · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Zinc vs placebo Frequency of crisis · children and adults with sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.62 [0.17, 2.29] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Zinc vs placebo Severity of pain · children and adults with sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Self‐efficacy (for physical activity) (SEPA, score · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Well‐being(WHO‐5 Well‐Being Index, score · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 149 participants | Moderate |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Energy intake (EI) (kcal/day) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 650 participants | Moderate |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Adherence to Mediterranean diet (AMD) score change (score · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 650 participants | Moderate |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Healthy eating index (HEI‐2005) score change (score · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 245 participants | Moderate |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Adverse events · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 502 participants | Very low |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Estimated energy expenditure (EEE) (min/week) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Smartphone app vs no/minimal intervention Leisure time physical activity (LTPA)(kcal/week) · adults Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 245 participants | Moderate |