Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,271 questions · 1,326 findings · 329 reviews

No studies found 247 · 18.6%GRADE not reported 237 · 17.9%Very low 379 · 28.6%Low 285 · 21.5%Moderate 141 · 10.6%High 37 · 2.8%

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Recurrent pyelonephritis · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes recurrent pyelonephritis compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Recurrent UTI (cystitis) · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes recurrent UTI (cystitis) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Preterm birth · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Birthweight < 2500 (g) · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes birthweight < 2500 (g) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes five‐minute Apgar score < seven compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Miscarriage · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes miscarriages compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patient‐reported functional outcomes (pooled data) · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes patient‐reported functional outcomes (pooled data) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Need for a secondary/revision operation or substantive physiotherapy for adverse outcomes (e.g. non‐union, malunion or infection) · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes need for a secondary/revision operation or substantive physiotherapy… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Symptomatic non‐union or malunion, including limping 1 year · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes symptomatic non‐union or malunion, including limping 1 year (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Pain (0 to 40: no pain) · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes pain (0 to 40: no pain) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Wound complications including superficial/deep wound infection and osteomyelitis 1 year · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes wound complications including superficial/deep wound infection and… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Fracture union 1 year · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes fracture union 1 year (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Frankel's function regulator-4 (FR-4) with lip-seal training vs no treatment

Mandibular ramus growth · Children and adolescents (over 80% aged 16 years or younger at treatment start) with anterior open bite (lack of vertical overlap or…
1 finding from 1 review

Frankel's function regulator-4 (FR-4) with lip-seal training vs no treatment

Stability of anterior open bite correction (1 year after treatment) · Children and adolescents (over 80% aged 16 years or younger at treatment start) with anterior open bite (lack of vertical overlap or…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Repair of a defective resin composite restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with resin composite) vs Replacement of a defective resin composite restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with resin composite)

Presence of clinical symptoms (pain, swelling, diagnosis of pulpitis, abscess formation) · Adults (16 years or over) with one or more defective resin composite restoration(s) in a molar or premolar tooth/teeth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Frankel's function regulator-4 (FR-4) with lip-seal training vs no treatment

Reduction or treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) or upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) · Children and adolescents (over 80% aged 16 years or younger at treatment start) with anterior open bite (lack of vertical overlap or…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Removable appliance with palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup vs no treatment

Mandibular ramus growth · Children and adolescents (over 80% aged 16 years or younger at treatment start) with anterior open bite (lack of vertical overlap or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
    End of treatment (12 months)
    Cephalometric data (SNA, Co-A, SNB, Ar-Go, Ar.GoMe, Co-Gn, ANB) were reported to be not significantly different between groups; effects were dento-alveolar rather than skeletal. No pooled estimate (Almeida 2005).
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Removable appliance with palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup vs no treatment

Alteration of hyperdivergent growth pattern · Children and adolescents (over 80% aged 16 years or younger at treatment start) with anterior open bite (lack of vertical overlap or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
    End of treatment (12 months)
    The angles (SN.GoGN, SN.PP, NS.Gn) and linear measures (AFA, AFP, AFAI) did not demonstrate significant alterations between groups; interventions did not produce significant changes in the skeletal maxillary or…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported