Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,123 questions · 2,188 findings · 243 reviews

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No studies found 493 · 22.5%GRADE not reported 160 · 7.3%Very low 600 · 27.4%Low 474 · 21.7%Moderate 364 · 16.6%High 97 · 4.4%

Single‐dose vs short duration antibiotics

Persistent bacteriuria · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes persistent bacteriuria compared with short‐course (3‐7 days) antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [0.65, 2.62]
2 studies · 145 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs short duration antibiotics

Recurrence · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes recurrence compared with short‐course (3‐7 days) antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.5 [0.43, 5.26]
2 studies · 145 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs short duration antibiotics

Re‐infection · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes re‐infection compared with short‐course (3‐7 days) antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.16 [0.02, 1.26]
1 study · 45 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs 10 days

Persistent bacteriuria · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes persistent bacteriuria compared with conventional 10‐day antibiotic treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.01 [1.06, 3.8]
6 studies · 228 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs 10 days

Persistent symptoms · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes persistent symptoms compared with conventional 10‐day antibiotic treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.29 [0.03, 2.5]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs 10 days

Persistent bacteriuria and symptoms · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes persistent bacteriuria and symptoms compared with conventional 10‐day antibiotic treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.83 [0.18, 18.84]
1 study · 46 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs 10 days

Recurrence · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes recurrence compared with conventional 10‐day antibiotic treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.38 [0.55, 3.5]
2 studies · 79 participants
Very low

Single‐dose vs multiple dose antibiotic

Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Single dose probably leads to higher bacteriuria compared with multiple dose antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.98 [1.18, 3.33]
4 studies · 944 participants
Moderate

Single‐dose vs multiple dose antibiotic

Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Single dose showed no clear difference in fever compared with multiple dose antibiotic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.84 [0.99, 8.16]
4 studies · 652 participants
Low

Single‐dose vs multiple dose antibiotic

UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Single dose showed no clear difference in UTI compared with multiple dose antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [0.73, 2.68]
5 studies · 1312 participants
Moderate

Single‐dose vs multiple dose antibiotic

Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Single dose showed no clear difference in hospitalization compared with multiple dose antibiotic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.1 [0.64, 15.06]
3 studies · 441 participants
Low

Oral vs systemic antibiotics

Bacteriuria · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Oral showed no clear difference in bacteriuria compared with systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.34 [0.06, 1.93]
3 studies · 354 participants
Moderate

Oral vs systemic antibiotics

Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Oral showed no clear difference in fever compared with systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.8 [0.24, 13.45]
3 studies · 522 participants
Moderate

Oral vs systemic antibiotics

UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Oral showed no clear difference in UTI compared with systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.27, 2.7]
3 studies · 508 participants
Moderate

Oral vs systemic antibiotics

Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy

Oral showed no clear difference in hospitalization compared with systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.8 [0.24, 13.45]
2 studies · 407 participants
Low

Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries)

Death · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis

1 finding from 1 review

Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis 2007 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
19 studies · 1301 participants
GRADE not reported

Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries)

Death: high‐income countries · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis

1 finding from 1 review

Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis 2007 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 510 participants
GRADE not reported

Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries)

Death: Low/middle‐income countries · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis

1 finding from 1 review

Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis 2007 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 791 participants
GRADE not reported

Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries)

Deafness · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis

1 finding from 1 review

Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis 2007 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 501 participants
GRADE not reported

Third generation cephalosporins vs conventional antibiotics (high and low/middle‐income countries)

Deafness: high‐income countries · patients treated for acute bacterial meningitis

1 finding from 1 review

Third generation cephalosporins versus conventional antibiotics for treating acute bacterial meningitis 2007 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 380 participants
GRADE not reported