Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,310 questions · 1,358 findings · 214 reviews

No studies found 230 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 169 · 12.4%Very low 269 · 19.8%Low 277 · 20.4%Moderate 291 · 21.4%High 122 · 9%

Chlorhexidine gel (0.12%) vs no treatment

Mutans streptococci prevalence (presence/absence) · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with mixed, permanent or…

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine gel (0.12%) changes mutans streptococci prevalence (presence/absence) compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine oral product (one formulation/concentration) vs Another chlorhexidine formulation, concentration or application frequency

Outcome not reported · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with mixed, permanent or…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine varnish vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse events (e.g. ulcers, tooth staining) · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with mixed, permanent or…
1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine mouthrinse vs Placebo or no intervention (including routine care)

Outcome not reported · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with mixed, permanent or…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine gel (0.12%) vs no treatment

Pain, quality of life, patient satisfaction or costs · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with mixed, permanent or…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine varnish (10% and 40%) vs placebo or no treatment

Caries increment in permanent teeth · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with mixed, permanent or…

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine varnish (10% and 40%) changes caries increment in permanent dentition (DMFS; higher values… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rivastigmine vs placebo

Change in capacity for activities of daily living · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease
1 finding from 1 review

Rivastigmine vs placebo

Physician rated global impression tests (no change or worse compared with baseline, measured using Global Impression of Change at 26 weeks) · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease

Rivastigmine probably leads to lower physician rated global impression tests (no change or worse compared… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rivastigmine vs placebo

Behavioural symptoms (change from baseline at 26 weeks measured using various scales) · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease
1 finding from 1 review

Rivastigmine vs placebo

Acceptability · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease

Rivastigmine probably leads to higher acceptability of treatment (as measured by withdrawals from trials… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rivastigmine vs placebo

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease

Rivastigmine probably leads to higher incidence of adverse events (at least one adverse event by 26 weeks) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rivastigmine vs placebo

Quality of life of patients or carers (measured using NPI‐D carer distress scale (change from baseline at 24 weeks) · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease
1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Ambulation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in ambulation compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Survival (long term) Over two years · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in survival (long term) Over two years compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Pain reduction · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in pain reduction compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review