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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Ultrafiltration (UF) vs usual care (UC) All‐cause rehospitalisation · people with AHF Ultrafiltration for acute heart failure (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.53, 1.09] | 3 studies · 337 participants | Low |
Ultrafiltration (UF) vs usual care (UC) Heart failure‐related rehospitalisation · people with AHF Ultrafiltration for acute heart failure (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.37, 1.04] | 2 studies · 395 participants | Low |
Ultrafiltration (UF) vs usual care (UC) Need for mechanical invasive ventilation – up to and including 30 days · people with AHF Ultrafiltration for acute heart failure (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Ultrafiltration (UF) vs usual care (UC) % Change in serum creatinine – at 30 days from discharge · people with AHF Ultrafiltration for acute heart failure (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 221 participants | Low |
Ultrafiltration (UF) vs usual care (UC) New initiation of renal replacement therapy – at longest available · people with AHF Ultrafiltration for acute heart failure (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.42 [0.42, 4.75] | 4 studies · 322 participants | Low |
Ultrafiltration (UF) vs usual care (UC) Complications of central line insertion – in hospital · people with AHF Ultrafiltration for acute heart failure (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.16 [1.3, 13.3] | 6 studies · 779 participants | Very low |
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs 'no exercise' control All‐cause mortality · people with coronary heart disease Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.73, 1.04] | 25 studies · 8823 participants | Moderate |
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs 'no exercise' control Cardiovascular mortality · people with coronary heart disease Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.68, 1.14] | 15 studies · 5360 participants | Moderate |
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs 'no exercise' control Fatal and/or non‐fatal MI · people with coronary heart disease Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.55, 0.93] | 22 studies · 7423 participants | High |
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs 'no exercise' control Revascularisation ‐ CABG · people with coronary heart disease Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.78, 1.27] | 20 studies · 4473 participants | High |
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs 'no exercise' control Revascularisation ‐ PCI · people with coronary heart disease Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.63, 1.19] | 13 studies · 3465 participants | Moderate |
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs 'no exercise' control All‐cause hospital admissions · people with coronary heart disease Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.43, 0.77] | 14 studies · 2030 participants | Moderate |
Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs 'no exercise' control Cardiovascular hospital admissions · people with coronary heart disease Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.41, 1.59] | 6 studies · 1087 participants | Low |
Warfarin vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause death · people with heart failure in sinus rhythm Anticoagulation versus placebo for heart failure in sinus rhythm (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.66 [0.36, 1.18] | 2 studies · 324 participants | Low |
Warfarin vs placebo or no treatment Stroke · people with heart failure in sinus rhythm Anticoagulation versus placebo for heart failure in sinus rhythm (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Warfarin vs placebo or no treatment Major bleeding eventsc · people with heart failure in sinus rhythm Anticoagulation versus placebo for heart failure in sinus rhythm (2021) · Cochrane | OR 5.98 [1.71, 20.93] | 2 studies · 324 participants | Low |
Rivaroxaban vs placebo All‐cause death · people with heart failure in sinus rhythm Anticoagulation versus placebo for heart failure in sinus rhythm (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.99 [0.87, 1.13] | 1 study · 5022 participants | High |
Rivaroxaban vs placebo Stroke · people with heart failure in sinus rhythm Anticoagulation versus placebo for heart failure in sinus rhythm (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.67 [0.47, 0.95] | 1 study · 5022 participants | Moderate |
Rivaroxaban vs placebo Major bleeding eventsb · people with heart failure in sinus rhythm Anticoagulation versus placebo for heart failure in sinus rhythm (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.65 [1.17, 2.33] | 1 study · 5008 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality at maximum · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.99, 1.13] | 20 studies · 25774 participants | High |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Quality of life at 24±6 months · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Cardiovascular mortality at 24±6 months · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [1.17, 1.91] | 5 studies · 9044 participants | High |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Myocardial infarction at 24±6 months · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.82, 1.11] | 5 studies · 9457 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Stroke at 24±6 months · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.9, 1.52] | 5 studies · 9457 participants | High |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Sudden cardiac death at 24±6 months · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.77 [1.28, 2.44] | 2 studies · 4520 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Serious adverse event at maximum · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Quality of life at maximum · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Cardiovascular mortality at maximum · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.98, 1.25] | 2 studies · 4674 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Myocardial infarction at maximum · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.88, 1.03] | 17 studies · 25523 participants | High |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Stroke at maximum · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [1, 1.29] | 9 studies · 14774 participants | High |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Sudden cardiac death at maximum · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.9, 1.31] | 2 studies · 4520 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality at 24±6 months · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [1.06, 1.48] | 6 studies · 9517 participants | High |
Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention Serious adverse event at 24±6 months · patients with coronary heart disease Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment vs control Depression symptoms ‐ short‐term · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1226 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment 1 vs psychological treatment 2 Myocardial infarction ‐ short term (end of treatment) ‐ not reported · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment vs placebo Depression symptoms ‐ short term · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 750 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment vs placebo Depression remission ‐ short term · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.06 [1.47, 2.89] | 4 studies · 646 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment vs placebo All‐cause mortality ‐ short term · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.38 [0.1, 1.47] | 2 studies · 437 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment vs placebo Cardiovascular mortality ‐ short term (end of treatment) ‐ not reported · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment vs placebo Myocardial infarction ‐ short term · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.74 [0.26, 2.09] | 3 studies · 728 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment 1 vs pharmacological treatment 2 Depression symptoms ‐ short term (end of treatment) · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 442 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment 1 vs pharmacological treatment 2 Depression remission ‐ short term (end of treatment) · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 243 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment 1 vs pharmacological treatment 2 All‐cause mortality ‐ short term (end of treatment) · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.72 [0.51, 14.49] | 1 study · 149 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment 1 vs pharmacological treatment 2 Cardiovascular mortality ‐ short term (end of treatment) ‐ not reported · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment vs control Depression remission ‐ short term · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.02 [0.78, 5.19] | 3 studies · 862 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Pharmacological treatment 1 vs pharmacological treatment 2 Myocardial infarction ‐ short term (end of treatment) · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 396 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment vs control All‐cause mortality ‐ short‐term · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.31 [0.05, 2.02] | 2 studies · 324 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment vs control Cardiovascular mortality ‐ long‐term · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.62, 1.1] | 2 studies · 2720 participants | Ungraded |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment vs control Myocardial infarction ‐ short term (end of treatment) ‐ not reported · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological treatment 1 vs psychological treatment 2 Depression symptoms ‐ short term (end of treatment) · health problem or population Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 219 participants | Ungraded |