What do systematic reviews say?

Breastfeeding promotion and support (e.g. individually tailored home-based peer counselling on the importance of breastfeeding, with advice and support for healthy breastfeeding) vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  dmfs was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison).
  0 studies
  No studies found
• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Children assessed at 5-6 yrs
  MD -0.12 [-0.59, 0.36]
  2 studies · 652 participants
  Low

A permanent restorative material or technique (e.g. amalgam; glass ionomer (type I-IV); composite resin (macrofilled, microfilled, hybrid, nanofilled); resin-modified glass ionomer (compomer, giomer); cement/cermet; stainless steel or nickel-chrome crown; pre-fabricated resin/porcelain veneer facing; microabrasion) vs A different permanent restorative material or technique

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the restorative care of amelogenesis imperfecta in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Main results: No studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Effects of interventions: No studies met the inclusion criteria.
  0 studies
  No studies found

A permanent restorative material or technique (e.g. amalgam; glass ionomer (type I-IV); composite resin (macrofilled, microfilled, hybrid, nanofilled); resin-modified glass ionomer (compomer, giomer); cement/cermet; stainless steel or nickel-chrome crown; pre-fabricated resin/porcelain veneer facing; microabrasion) vs A different permanent restorative material or technique

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the restorative care of amelogenesis imperfecta in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Main results: No studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Effects of interventions: No studies met the inclusion criteria.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Slow passive expiration vs control

• Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 71 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and treatment of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health: identification and treatment of… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Peer support vs alternative interventions

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 95 participants
  Very low

Corticosteroids vs placebo

• Anti‐inflammatory medications for obstructive sleep apnoea in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 75 participants
  Moderate

Montelukast vs placebo

• Anti‐inflammatory medications for obstructive sleep apnoea in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 103 participants
  Low

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in sustainable remission between 52 and 78 weeks: complete or partial… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.38 [0.9, 2.1]
  1 study · 138 participants
  Moderate

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 18 months: sustained… compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.65, 1.96]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Low

Physical exercise training vs usual care

• Physical exercise training interventions for children and young adults during and after treatment for childhood cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 68 participants
  Very low

Fluoride mouthrinse (any fluoride agent, concentration, volume, frequency or technique; swished and expectorated, not swallowed) vs placebo or no treatment

• Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At least 1 year/school year
  Study 1: "significant difference" in stain score (from the control) in the group using an amine fluoride mouthrinse; "non-significant difference" (from the control) in the group using sodium fluoride. In 2 trials where…
  3 studies
  Very low

Chlorhexidine varnish vs placebo or no treatment

• Chlorhexidine treatment for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One study reported no adverse events for ulcers or tooth staining. One study stated "side-effects due to the CHX treatment were not noted".
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported on staining of tooth surfaces (not even Gisselsson 1999, the only trial testing stannous fluoride).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in health‐related quality of life (health status) COPD Assessment Tool.… (low certainty).

• Airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Low

BoNT‐A/OT vs OT only

• Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic cerebral… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 152 participants
  High

BoNT‐A/OT vs BoNT‐A only

• Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic cerebral… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 39 participants
  High

BoNT‐A/OT vs placebo/no treatment

• Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic cerebral… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  High