Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,550 questions · 1,617 findings · 161 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 238 · 14.7%GRADE not reported 76 · 4.7%Very low 377 · 23.3%Low 567 · 35.1%Moderate 285 · 17.6%High 74 · 4.6%

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

3a. Chronic lung disease at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age – doxapram compared to no treatment for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

4a. Death (at any time during initial hospitalization) – doxapram compared to no treatment for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

4b. Death (at any time during initial hospitalization) – doxapram compared to alternative treatment for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

4a.Death at any time during initial hospitalization – doxapram compared to no treatment for the treatment of apnea · prevention of reintubation

It is very uncertain whether doxapram changes 4c. Death (at any time during initial hospitalization) – doxapram as… compared with no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline,… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

5a.Moderate‐to‐severe neurodevelopmental disability or intellectual impairment after 2 years of age – doxapram compared to no treatment for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

5b. Moderate‐to‐severe neurodevelopmental disability or intellectual impairment after 2 years of age – doxapram compared to alternative treatment for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

5c. Moderate‐to‐severe neurodevelopmental disability or intellectual impairment after 2 years of age – doxapram as an adjunct to methylxanthine compared to methylxanthine alone for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

side‐effects ‐ side‐effects causing abandon · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Low vs moderate‐high nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels

BPD (36 weeks' PMA) · health problem or population

It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ Low changes BPD, defined as supplemental oxygen or positive pressure support use… compared with moderate‐high nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Low vs moderate‐high nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · health problem or population

It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ Low changes BPD, defined as supplemental oxygen or positive pressure support use… compared with moderate‐high nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs no treatment

Use of conventional phototherapy, if sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) was first used for prevention or early treatmentc · term and late preterm neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Presence of PDA on third to fourth day of life (after 72 hours of treatment) · preterm or low birth weight infants with risk of having PDA on day 3 to 4 of life

The intervention probably leads to lower presence of PDA on third to fourth day of life (after 72 hours of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Presence of PDA on day 3 or 4 of life (after 72 hours of treatment) · preterm or low birth weight infants with risk of having PDA on day 3 to 4 of life

The intervention may leads to lower presence of PDA on day 3 or 4 of life (after 72 hours of treatment) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

BSID‐III composite cognitive scores at 18 to 22 months The Bayley‐III has 3 main sub tests: the Cognitive Scale, which includes items such as attention to familiar and unfamiliar objects, looking for a fallen object, and pretend play; the Language... · neonates born preterm with low birth weight

The intervention probably leads to higher BSID‐III composite cognitive scores at 18 to 22 months The… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Retinopathy of prematurity (stage ≥ 3) · preterm infants with low birth weight

The intervention showed no clear difference in retinopathy of prematurity (stage ≥ 3) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Retinopathy of prematurity (all stages or stage not reported) during initial hospital stay · preterm infants with low birth weight

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes retinopathy of prematurity (all stages or stage not reported) during… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review