Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

305 questions · 305 findings · 37 reviews

No studies found 75 · 24.6%GRADE not reported 22 · 7.2%Very low 57 · 18.7%Low 97 · 31.8%Moderate 46 · 15.1%High 8 · 2.6%

Intervention not reported

Induction of labour · women in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks' gestation) in both unselected populations and designated low‐risk populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in induction of labour (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Test of placental function vs usual care

Elective delivery (induction of labour or non‐labour caesarean section) report of mode of delivery · women in the third trimester of pregnancy

Test of placental function showed no clear difference in elective delivery (induction of labour or non‐labour caesarean… compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bishop score vs transvaginal ultrasound

Fetal heart rate abnormality in labour · women with singleton cephalic fetuses undergoing assessment for pre‐induction cervical ripening.

Bishop score showed no clear difference in fetal heart rate abnormality in labour compared with transvaginal ultrasound; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in vaginal delivery not achieved in 24 hours compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose vaginal misoprostol

Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

It is very uncertain whether balloon (Foley or ATAD) changes serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death compared with low‐dose vaginal misoprostol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose oral misoprostol

Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) probably leads to higher vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours compared with low‐dose oral misoprostol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose oral misoprostol

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes compared with low‐dose oral misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose oral misoprostol

Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death compared with low‐dose oral misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) probably leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review