What do systematic reviews say?

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.4, 1.13]
  3 studies · 83 participants
  Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.62 [1, 2.65]
  4 studies · 103 participants
  Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

It is very uncertain whether early (less than seven days following birth) higher changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.6 [0.23, 90.84]
  1 study · 46 participants
  Very low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Two per cent CHG vs alcohol hand sanitiser (61% alcohol and emollients)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Alcohol‐based handrub vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether alcohol‐based handrub changes all‐cause mortality within the first seven days of life (early… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.29 [0.01, 7]
  1 study · 103 participants
  Very low

Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs other sources of phototherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any amount and any duration of treatment) vs control

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any… showed no clear difference in sepsis (early or late onset) compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.95, 1.54]
  4 studies · 1067 participants
  Moderate

Comparison 2: 7 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Comparison 1: community‐based antibiotic delivery vs usual care

Comparison 1: community‐based antibiotic delivery probably leads to lower early neonatal mortality compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

• Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.65, 0.85]
  2 studies · 40299 participants
  Moderate

Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Comparison 2: 7 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both counselling (subgroup) vs control

Community health educational one‐to‐one and group and both… probably leads to lower early neonatal mortality ‐ Both one‐to‐one and group counselling compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.65, 0.93]
  5 studies · 180690 participants
  Moderate

Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control

It is very uncertain whether community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both… changes early neonatal mortality ‐ Education provided during ANC period only compared with control (very low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.43, 0.95]
  2 studies · 33209 participants
  Very low

Community health educational interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether community health educational interventions changes early neonatal mortality compared with control (very low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.66, 0.84]
  15 studies · 321588 participants
  Very low
• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.62, 0.82]
  11 studies · 26472 participants
  Moderate

Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both periods (subgroup) vs control

Community health educational ANC period and PNC period and both… showed no clear difference in early neonatal mortality ‐ Education provided during PNC period only compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.94, 1.12]
  1 study · 111529 participants
  Moderate